{"id":5860,"date":"2023-04-25T15:15:49","date_gmt":"2023-04-25T15:15:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/exciting-panini.13-37-234-21.plesk.page\/?p=5860"},"modified":"2024-08-06T12:32:13","modified_gmt":"2024-08-06T12:32:13","slug":"facilites-des-recours-et-lourdeurs-des-sanctions","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/viqtor.eu\/sk\/jednoduchost-odvolani-a-prisnost-sankcii\/","title":{"rendered":"Jednoduchos\u0165 odvolan\u00ed a pr\u00edsnos\u0165 sankci\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"Jednoduchos\u0165\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Jednoduchos\u0165 odvolan\u00ed a pr\u00edsnos\u0165 sankci\u00ed<\/h1>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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\u00daryvok z knihy Bruna DUMAYA: DE\u0160IFROVANIE GDPR \u2013 Pre mana\u017e\u00e9rov, strategick\u00e9 oddelenia a zamestnancov spolo\u010dnost\u00ed a organiz\u00e1ci\u00ed \u2013 Predslov od Ga\u00eblle MONTEILLER<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

Napriek svojej inteligencii a s\u00fadr\u017enosti, napriek jednote v\u0161etk\u00fdch kraj\u00edn Eur\u00f3pskej \u00fanie pri zverej\u0148ovan\u00ed a presadzovan\u00ed svojich ustanoven\u00ed by GDPR, rovnako ako ka\u017ed\u00e9 nariadenie, postr\u00e1dal d\u00f4veryhodnos\u0165, a teda aj \u00fa\u010dinnos\u0165, ak by ho nesprev\u00e1dzala mo\u017enos\u0165 v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch sankci\u00ed v pr\u00edpade nedodr\u017eiavania zo strany t\u00fdch, ktor\u00ed ho maj\u00fa uplat\u0148ova\u0165.<\/p>\n\n

V s\u00falade s uprednost\u0148ovan\u00edm jednotlivcov pred organiz\u00e1ciami autori stanovili n\u00e1pravn\u00e9 opatrenia, ktor\u00e9 sa daj\u00fa jednoducho implementova\u0165 a v pr\u00edpade preuk\u00e1zan\u00e9ho poru\u0161enia predpisov pravdepodobne poved\u00fa k ods\u00fadeniu a sankci\u00e1m. \u010cl\u00e1nok 77 je v tomto smere jasn\u00fd: \u201e... ka\u017ed\u00e1 dotknut\u00e1 osoba m\u00e1 pr\u00e1vo poda\u0165 s\u0165a\u017enos\u0165 dozorn\u00e9mu org\u00e1nu... ak sa domnieva, \u017ee spracovanie osobn\u00fdch \u00fadajov, ktor\u00e9 sa jej t\u00fdkaj\u00fa, poru\u0161uje toto nariadenie.\u201c A ak rozhodnutie dozorn\u00e9ho org\u00e1nu, ktor\u00fd m\u00e1 na vybavenie \u017eiadosti tri mesiace, dotknut\u00fa osobu neuspokoj\u00ed, m\u00f4\u017ee poda\u0165 s\u00fadne odvolanie (\u010dl\u00e1nok 78).<\/p>\n\n

\u017dalobu v\u0161ak mo\u017eno poda\u0165 aj priamo proti prev\u00e1dzkovate\u013eovi. N\u00e1zov \u010dl\u00e1nku 79 v tomto smere nenech\u00e1va \u017eiadnu nejasnos\u0165: \u201ePr\u00e1vo na \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fd s\u00fadny prostriedok n\u00e1pravy proti prev\u00e1dzkovate\u013eovi alebo sprostredkovate\u013eovi.\u201c Odsek 1 \u0161pecifikuje: \u201e...ka\u017ed\u00e1 dotknut\u00e1 osoba m\u00e1 pr\u00e1vo na \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fd s\u00fadny prostriedok n\u00e1pravy, ak sa domnieva, \u017ee jej pr\u00e1va pod\u013ea tohto nariadenia boli poru\u0161en\u00e9...\u201c.<\/p>\n\n

Vid\u00edme teda, \u017ee je ve\u013emi jednoduch\u00e9 za\u010da\u0165 konanie, najprv spr\u00e1vne, potom pr\u00edpadne s\u00fadne, proti subjektu a\/alebo osobe, ktor\u00e1 sprac\u00fava \u00fadaje. Sta\u010d\u00ed, aby dotknut\u00e1 osoba \u201euva\u017eovala\u201c, \u017ee spracovanie nebolo v s\u00falade so z\u00e1konom, aby konala. M\u00f4\u017ee kona\u0165 samostatne alebo by\u0165 zast\u00fapen\u00e1 \u201eneziskov\u00fdm subjektom, organiz\u00e1ciou alebo zdru\u017een\u00edm... ktor\u00e9ho z\u00e1konn\u00e9 ciele s\u00fa vo verejnom z\u00e1ujme a ktor\u00e9 p\u00f4sob\u00ed v oblasti ochrany pr\u00e1v a slob\u00f4d dotknut\u00fdch os\u00f4b...\u201c (\u010dl\u00e1nok 80-1). E\u0161te lep\u0161ie je, \u017ee \u201e\u010dlensk\u00e9 \u0161t\u00e1ty m\u00f4\u017eu stanovi\u0165, \u017ee ak\u00fdko\u013evek subjekt, organiz\u00e1cia alebo zdru\u017eenie, nez\u00e1visle od ak\u00e9hoko\u013evek mand\u00e1tu zveren\u00e9ho dotknutou osobou, m\u00e1 v pr\u00edslu\u0161nom \u010dlenskom \u0161t\u00e1te pr\u00e1vo poda\u0165 s\u0165a\u017enos\u0165 dozorn\u00e9mu org\u00e1nu...\u201c (\u010dl\u00e1nok 80-2). In\u00fdmi slovami, GDPR ponech\u00e1va na \u010dlensk\u00fdch \u0161t\u00e1toch, aby \u0161pecializovanej \u0161trukt\u00fare udelili pr\u00e1vo za\u010da\u0165 konanie sama, aj ke\u010f sa na \u0148u jednotlivec nepodal.<\/p>\n\n

Tieto ustanovenia tie\u017e otv\u00e1raj\u00fa dvere hromadn\u00fdm \u017ealob\u00e1m, ktor\u00e9 u\u017e boli vo Franc\u00fazsku zaveden\u00e9 Hamonov\u00fdm z\u00e1konom z roku 2014 a potom z\u00e1konom z 18. novembra 2016, zn\u00e1mym ako \u201emoderniz\u00e1cia s\u00fadnictva v 21. storo\u010d\u00ed\u201c.e<\/sup> storo\u010dia.\u201c Tento posledn\u00fd z\u00e1kon umo\u017e\u0148uje iba ukon\u010denie trestn\u00e9ho \u010dinu. GDPR otv\u00e1ra mo\u017enos\u0165 od\u0161kodnenia, aj ke\u010f sa t\u00e1 jav\u00ed sk\u00f4r individu\u00e1lna ako kolekt\u00edvna.<\/p>\n\n

V skuto\u010dnosti po pr\u00e1ve na odvolanie prich\u00e1dza aj pr\u00e1vo na n\u00e1hradu \u0161kody: \u201eKa\u017ed\u00e1 osoba, ktor\u00e1 utrpela majetkov\u00fa alebo mor\u00e1lnu ujmu v d\u00f4sledku poru\u0161enia tohto nariadenia, m\u00e1 pr\u00e1vo na n\u00e1hradu vzniknutej \u0161kody od prev\u00e1dzkovate\u013ea alebo spracovate\u013ea\u201c (\u010dl\u00e1nok 82-1).<\/p>\n\n

Kto zaplat\u00ed t\u00fato kompenz\u00e1ciu? Veci s\u00fa jasn\u00e9: \u201eKa\u017ed\u00fd prev\u00e1dzkovate\u013e zapojen\u00fd do spracovania zodpoved\u00e1 za \u0161kodu sp\u00f4soben\u00fa spracovan\u00edm, ktor\u00e9 predstavuje poru\u0161enie tohto nariadenia. Sprostredkovate\u013e zodpoved\u00e1 za \u0161kodu sp\u00f4soben\u00fa spracovan\u00edm iba vtedy, ak si nesplnil povinnosti stanoven\u00e9 v tomto nariaden\u00ed\u201c (\u010dl\u00e1nok 82-2). Ktor\u00e1ko\u013evek strana m\u00f4\u017ee st\u00e1le preuk\u00e1za\u0165 neexistenciu zavinenia: \u201ePrev\u00e1dzkovate\u013e alebo sprostredkovate\u013e je osloboden\u00fd od zodpovednosti pod\u013ea odseku 2, ak dok\u00e1\u017ee, \u017ee udalos\u0165, ktor\u00e1 sp\u00f4sobila \u0161kodu, mu v \u017eiadnom pr\u00edpade nemo\u017eno prip\u00edsa\u0165\u201c (\u010dl\u00e1nok 82-3).<\/p>\n\n

Ak je zapojen\u00fdch viacero subjektov, \u201eka\u017ed\u00fd z prev\u00e1dzkovate\u013eov alebo sprostredkovate\u013eov je zodpovedn\u00fd za \u0161kodu v plnom rozsahu, aby sa dotknutej osobe zaru\u010dila \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e1 n\u00e1hrada \u0161kody\u201c (\u010dl\u00e1nok 82-4). To potom nebr\u00e1ni n\u00e1hrade \u0161kody: \u201eAk prev\u00e1dzkovate\u013e alebo sprostredkovate\u013e v s\u00falade s odsekom 4 plne nahradil vzniknut\u00fa \u0161kodu, m\u00e1 pr\u00e1vo po\u017eadova\u0165 od ostatn\u00fdch prev\u00e1dzkovate\u013eov alebo sprostredkovate\u013eov, ktor\u00ed sa z\u00fa\u010dastnili na tom istom spracovan\u00ed, podiel na n\u00e1hrade \u0161kody zodpovedaj\u00faci ich podielu na zodpovednosti za \u0161kodu\u201c (\u010dl\u00e1nok 82-5).<\/p>\n\n

Teraz, ke\u010f boli stanoven\u00e9 zodpovednosti, ako mo\u017eno uklada\u0165 sankcie? Dozorn\u00fd org\u00e1n m\u00e1 v\u0161etky potrebn\u00e9 pr\u00e1vomoci na to, aby vyzval prev\u00e1dzkovate\u013ea alebo sprostredkovate\u013ea \u00fadajov na nariadenie, vr\u00e1tane ulo\u017eenia obmedzenia alebo z\u00e1kazu spracovania, nariadenia opravy alebo vymazania osobn\u00fdch \u00fadajov, pozastavenia prenosov, odobratia certifik\u00e1cie a ulo\u017eenia administrat\u00edvnej pokuty (\u010dl\u00e1nok 58-2).<\/p>\n\n

\u010cl\u00e1nok 83 stanovuje podmienky pre spr\u00e1vne pokuty, ktor\u00e9 musia by\u0165 \u201eprimeran\u00e9 a odr\u00e1dzaj\u00face\u201c (\u010dl\u00e1nok 83-1). Jeden\u00e1s\u0165 krit\u00e9ri\u00ed uveden\u00fdch v odseku 2 tohto \u010dl\u00e1nku pre \u201erozhodovanie o tom, \u010di ulo\u017ei\u0165 spr\u00e1vnu pokutu\u201c, ukazuje, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00e1 sankcia sa bude ur\u010dova\u0165 individu\u00e1lne, pri\u010dom sa samozrejme zoh\u013eadn\u00ed \u201e\u010di bolo poru\u0161enie sp\u00e1chan\u00e9 \u00famyselne alebo z nedbanlivosti\u201c. Odseky 4 a 5 vymen\u00favaj\u00fa r\u00f4zne mo\u017en\u00e9 poru\u0161enia a ur\u010duj\u00fa maxim\u00e1lnu v\u00fd\u0161ku pok\u00fat; do v\u00fd\u0161ky 20 000 000 EUR alebo v pr\u00edpade spolo\u010dnosti do v\u00fd\u0161ky 4,1 TP3T z jej ro\u010dn\u00e9ho celosvetov\u00e9ho obratu, pod\u013ea toho, ktor\u00e1 suma je vy\u0161\u0161ia. Sta\u010d\u00ed poveda\u0165, \u017ee pokuty takejto v\u00fd\u0161ky m\u00f4\u017eu v\u00e1\u017ene ohrozi\u0165 stabilitu spolo\u010dnosti (pre inform\u00e1ciu, maxim\u00e1lne pokuty ulo\u017een\u00e9 CNIL v posledn\u00fdch rokoch dosiahli 150 000 EUR).<\/p>\n\n

Pokia\u013e ide o opravn\u00e9 prostriedky, ktor\u00e9 by sa mohli po\u017eadova\u0165 a z\u00edska\u0165 v pr\u00edpade pr\u00e1vnych krokov, \u010di u\u017e proti rozhodnutiu dozorn\u00e9ho org\u00e1nu alebo proti prev\u00e1dzkovate\u013eovi alebo sprostredkovate\u013eovi, m\u00f4\u017eeme predpoklada\u0165, \u017ee bud\u00fa tie\u017e \u201eprimeran\u00e9 a odr\u00e1dzaj\u00face\u201c (tieto dve slov\u00e1 spolu znej\u00fa ako oxymoron, ale jednozna\u010dne nie s\u00fa v duchu GDPR).<\/p>\n\n

Dozorn\u00fd org\u00e1n je preto v\u0161emoh\u00faci, \u010do mimochodom rob\u00ed z tohto typu org\u00e1nov in\u0161tit\u00facie kombinuj\u00face tri moci \u2013 legislat\u00edvnu (aj ke\u010f len navrhuj\u00fa z\u00e1kon), v\u00fdkonn\u00fa a s\u00fadnu \u2013 ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa vo ve\u013ek\u00fdch demokraci\u00e1ch zvy\u010dajne oddelen\u00e9. Samotn\u00e9 nedodr\u017eanie s\u00fadneho pr\u00edkazu vydan\u00e9ho dozorn\u00fdm org\u00e1nom pod\u013ea \u010dl\u00e1nku 58-2 m\u00f4\u017ee vies\u0165 k maxim\u00e1lnej pokute (\u010dl\u00e1nok 83-5). V pr\u00edpade nadn\u00e1rodn\u00e9ho spracovania sankciu prijm\u00fa spolo\u010dne pr\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9 dozorn\u00e9 org\u00e1ny.<\/p>\n\n

\u010clensk\u00e9 \u0161t\u00e1ty m\u00f4\u017eu rozhodn\u00fa\u0165 o \u010fal\u0161\u00edch sankci\u00e1ch, \u201enajm\u00e4 za poru\u0161enia, na ktor\u00e9 sa nevz\u0165ahuj\u00fa spr\u00e1vne pokuty ustanoven\u00e9 v \u010dl\u00e1nku 83\u201c (\u010dl\u00e1nok 84-1).<\/p>\n\n

Pripome\u0148me si e\u0161te raz z\u00e1kladn\u00fa z\u00e1sadu: ka\u017ed\u00fd si mus\u00ed zachova\u0165 vlastn\u00edctvo a kontrolu nad svojimi osobn\u00fdmi \u00fadajmi. Ak\u00e1ko\u013evek organiz\u00e1cia, ktor\u00e1 t\u00fato z\u00e1sadu poru\u0161\u00ed, m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 sankcionovan\u00e1.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tObjavte Viqtor\u00ae<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Jednoduchos\u0165 odvolan\u00ed a z\u00e1va\u017enos\u0165 sankci\u00ed V\u00fd\u0148atok z pr\u00e1ce Bruna DUMAYA: DE\u0160IFROVANIE GDPR \u2013 Pre mana\u017e\u00e9rov, strategick\u00e9 oddelenia a zamestnancov spolo\u010dnost\u00ed a organiz\u00e1ci\u00ed \u2013 Predslov od Ga\u00eblle MONTEILLER Napriek svojej inteligencii a konzistentnosti, napriek jednote v\u0161etk\u00fdch kraj\u00edn Eur\u00f3pskej \u00fanie, aby dali najavo a presadzovali [\u2026]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5861,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_header_footer","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[62],"tags":[38],"class_list":["post-5860","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-decryptage","tag-decryptage"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nFacilit\u00e9s des recours et lourdeurs des sanctions - Viqtor<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Facilit\u00e9s des recours et lourdeurs des sanctions - 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