{"id":5477,"date":"2023-04-19T12:48:51","date_gmt":"2023-04-19T12:48:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/exciting-panini.13-37-234-21.plesk.page\/?p=5477"},"modified":"2024-07-26T10:48:37","modified_gmt":"2024-07-26T10:48:37","slug":"le-cloud-act-et-les-entreprises-europeennes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/viqtor.eu\/lt\/le-cloud-act-et-les-entreprises-europeennes\/","title":{"rendered":"CLOUD \u012fstatymas ir Europos bendrov\u0117s: kokia taikymo sritis?"},"content":{"rendered":"
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CLOUD \u012fstatymas ir Europos bendrov\u0117s: kokia taikymo sritis?<\/h1>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Teisinis steb\u0117jimas Nr. 40 \u2013 2021 m. spalis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

CLOUD \u012fstatymas ir Europos bendrov\u0117s: kokia taikymo sritis?<\/strong>Duomen\u0173 dematerializavimas ir saugojimas \u201edebesyse\u201c turi esmini\u0173 ir sud\u0117ting\u0173 pasekmi\u0173 \u012fmoni\u0173 \u012fsipareigojimams.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Net ir saugomi Europoje, duomenys n\u0117ra apsaugoti nuo tre\u010diosios \u0161alies pra\u0161ymo atskleisti juos teisiniu kontekstu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vis labiau aktualus skaitmeninio suvereniteto klausimas ypa\u010d atsispindi Jungtini\u0173 Valstij\u0173 teis\u0117s raidoje, atsi\u017evelgiant \u012f CLOUD \u012fstatym\u0105 ir jo ekstrateritorin\u0119 taikymo srit\u012f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kokiomis s\u0105lygomis Amerikos bendrov\u0117s Europos dukterin\u0117 \u012fmon\u0117 arba, atvirk\u0161\u010diai, Europos bendrov\u0117s Amerikos dukterin\u0117 \u012fmon\u0117 gali b\u016bti priversta perduoti savo duomenis Amerikos vald\u017eios institucijoms?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2018 m. kovo m\u0117n. Jungtin\u0117se Valstijose buvo priimtas CLOUD \u012fstatymas (teis\u0117to duomen\u0173 naudojimo u\u017esienyje i\u0161ai\u0161kinimas). Jo tikslas \u2013 leisti JAV baud\u017eiamosios teis\u0117s institucijoms pasiekti JAV debesijos paslaug\u0173 teik\u0117j\u0173 duomenis, neatsi\u017evelgiant \u012f tai, kur duomenys saugomi, ir nepradedant tarptautin\u0117s savitarpio teisin\u0117s pagalbos proced\u016br\u0173.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Netrukus prie\u0161 priimant CLOUD \u012fstatym\u0105 \u201eMicrosoft\u201c atsisak\u0117 JAV vald\u017eios institucijoms pateikti Airijos debesyje saugomus duomenis, nurodydama, kad JAV \u012fstatymai netaikomi Europoje saugomiems duomenims, d\u0117l ko buvo prad\u0117ti ilgi teisiniai procesai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

CLOUD \u012fstatymas patikslina ir i\u0161ple\u010dia savo taikymo srit\u012f, kad b\u016bt\u0173 i\u0161vengta tokio tipo situacij\u0173.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tekste taip pat leid\u017eiama u\u017esienio valstyb\u0117ms tur\u0117ti prieig\u0105 prie JAV \u012fsik\u016brusi\u0173 debesijos paslaug\u0173 teik\u0117j\u0173 duomen\u0173, nereikalaujant teikti savitarpio teisin\u0117s pagalbos pra\u0161ymo, jei yra sudarytas dvi\u0161alis susitarimas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tokio tipo susitarimas neseniai buvo sudarytas tarp Jungtini\u0173 Amerikos Valstij\u0173 ir Jungtin\u0117s Karalyst\u0117s \u2013 tai pirmasis tokio pob\u016bd\u017eio susitarimas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

CLOUD \u012fstatymas taikomas bet kuriai JAV bendrovei, kaip apibr\u0117\u017eta JAV teis\u0117je, t. y. Jungtin\u0117se Valstijose \u012fsteigtai bendrovei ir jos kontroliuojamoms bendrov\u0117ms.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tod\u0117l Europos dukterin\u0117 \u012fmon\u0117 arba Europos \u012fmon\u0117, kuri\u0105 kontroliuoja Amerikos \u012fmon\u0117, gali b\u016bti \u0161ios teis\u0117s subjektas, o tai nei\u0161vengiamai sukels teis\u0117s kolizij\u0173 tiek, kiek \u0161ioms \u012fmon\u0117ms taip pat taikomas BDAR.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Atkreipkite d\u0117mes\u012f, kad \u0161i koncepcija taip pat skirta Europos \u012fmon\u0117ms, turin\u010dioms atstovyb\u0119 Jungtin\u0117se Valstijose, o tai gerokai i\u0161ple\u010dia jos taikymo srit\u012f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tai pabr\u0117\u017eia Europos duomen\u0173 apsaugos komitetas savo 2019 m. pozicijoje, taip pat \u0160veicarijos teisingumo ministerija savo 2021 m. rugs\u0117jo 17 d. atliktame tyrime d\u0117l CLOUD \u012fstatymo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0160\u012f netikrum\u0105 d\u0117l CLOUD \u012fstatymo taikymo srities 2019 m. baland\u017eio m\u0117n. baltojoje knygoje \u0161ia tema perteik\u0117 pats Jungtini\u0173 Valstij\u0173 Teisingumo departamentas, kurio i\u0161trauk\u0105 (neoficial\u0173 vertim\u0105) pateikiame \u010dia:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201eAr u\u017esienio korporacija, \u012fsik\u016brusi u\u017e Jungtini\u0173 Valstij\u0173 rib\u0173, bet teikianti paslaugas Jungtin\u0117se Valstijose, turi pakankamai ry\u0161i\u0173 su Jungtin\u0117mis Valstijomis, kad jai b\u016bt\u0173 taikoma JAV jurisdikcija, yra faktinis tyrimas, kuris priklauso nuo korporacijos ry\u0161i\u0173 su Jungtin\u0117mis Valstijomis pob\u016bd\u017eio, kiekyb\u0117s ir kokyb\u0117s.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kuo s\u0105moningiau bendrov\u0117 nukreip\u0117 savo veiksmus \u012f Jungtines Valstijas, tuo didesn\u0117 tikimyb\u0117, kad teismas nuspr\u0119s, jog bendrov\u0117 priklauso JAV jurisdikcijai.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

JAV teismai, taikydami \u0161i\u0105 analiz\u0119 civilin\u0117se bylose, susijusiose su svetain\u0117mis, pavyzd\u017eiui, daugiausia d\u0117mesio skyr\u0117 svetain\u0117s interaktyvumo laipsniui su klientais j\u0173 jurisdikcijoje, atsi\u017evelgdami \u012f tokius veiksnius kaip svetain\u0117s funkcija ir mechanika, bet kokia konkreti klientams skirta reklama, verslo pra\u0161ymas per svetain\u0119 ir faktinis klient\u0173 naudojimas.\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Toks ai\u0161kinimas gali sukelti JAV teisini\u0173 ie\u0161kini\u0173 labai daugeliui Europos \u012fmoni\u0173, net kai duomen\u0173 baz\u0117s yra Europoje. Ta\u010diau pagal BDAR 48 straipsn\u012f u\u017esienio \u0161alies teis\u0117 negali b\u016bti pakankamas teisinis pagrindas perduoti asmens duomenis tos \u0161alies vald\u017eios institucijoms.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

BDAR tekste ai\u0161kiai numatyta, kad toks duomen\u0173 perdavimas gali vykti tik pagal tarptautin\u012f susitarim\u0105, pavyzd\u017eiui, savitarpio teisin\u0117s pagalbos susitarim\u0105.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0160iuo principu siekiama u\u017etikrinti tiek perduodam\u0173 duomen\u0173 apsaug\u0105, tiek minimal\u0173 teisin\u012f saugum\u0105.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kokie sprendimai?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Politiniu po\u017ei\u016briu, pirmiausia atkreipkime d\u0117mes\u012f, kad Europos Komisija \u0161iuo metu derasi d\u0117l susitarimo su Jungtin\u0117mis Valstijomis, kuriuo siekiama palengvinti prieig\u0105 prie elektronini\u0173 \u012frodym\u0173 atliekant baud\u017eiamuosius tyrimus, o Europos Taryba rengia antr\u0105j\u012f Budape\u0161to konvencijos d\u0117l kibernetini\u0173 nusikaltim\u0173 protokol\u0105... du tekstus, kurie paai\u0161kint\u0173 teisin\u0119 sistem\u0105, susijusi\u0105 su \u0161iais duomen\u0173 perdavimais, laikantis Europos teis\u0117s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tiksliau sakant, Debesijos \u012fstatymas numato, kad bendrov\u0117, susid\u016brusi su teis\u0117s kolizija, gali remtis jai taikoma teise, \u0161iuo atveju BDAR, kad u\u017egin\u010dyt\u0173 Amerikos pra\u0161ym\u0105 (\u201eesmin\u0117 u\u017esienio \u012fstatym\u0173 pa\u017eeidimo rizika\u201c).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vis d\u0117lto tai apima proced\u016bras, kurios gali b\u016bti ilgos ir brangios, o j\u0173 rezultatas gali b\u016bti neai\u0161kus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prakti\u0161kai, remiantis Europos duomen\u0173 apsaugos komiteto rekomendacijomis, galima imtis technini\u0173 duomen\u0173 apsaugos priemoni\u0173.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Duomen\u0173 saugojimas Europoje, duomen\u0173 nesaugojimas \u201eskaidrioje formoje\u201c, konkre\u010dios \u0161ifravimo priemon\u0117s, tokios kaip i\u0161samiai apra\u0161ytos EDAPP 2021 m. bir\u017eelio m\u0117n. nuomon\u0117je d\u0117l duomen\u0173 perdavimo priemoni\u0173 u\u017e Europos S\u0105jungos rib\u0173 (p. 30), ir \u0161ifravimo rakt\u0173 saugojimas Europos S\u0105jungoje.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

CLOUD \u012fstatymas nedraud\u017eia \u0161ifravimo (nors Jungtin\u0117s Valstijos reikalauja, kad \u012fmon\u0117s bendradarbiaut\u0173 su vald\u017eios institucijomis \u0161iuo klausimu) ir neu\u017eima pozicijos d\u0117l tre\u010di\u0173j\u0173 \u0161ali\u0173 i\u0161\u0161ifravimo taisykli\u0173.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Galiausiai pridurkime, kad pirmieji Europos debesijos kompiuterijos projektai neseniai sulauk\u0117 Europos duomen\u0173 apsaugos institucij\u0173 pritarimo: pra\u0117jus\u012f pavasar\u012f CNIL patvirtino pirm\u0105j\u012f Europos elgesio kodeks\u0105, skirt\u0105 debesijos infrastrukt\u016bros paslaug\u0173 teik\u0117jams.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ji taip pat k\u0105 tik patvirtino Nacionalin\u0119 metrologijos ir bandym\u0173 laboratorij\u0105 (LNE) ir \u201eBureau Veritas Italia Spa\u201c atlikti \u0161io elgesio kodekso laikymosi patikrinimus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nors \u201evisi\u0161kai vietiniai\u201c sprendimai nelaikomi absoliu\u010dia panac\u0117ja, Europos debesijos privalumai yra didesnio teisinio saugumo u\u017etikrinimas, kol pad\u0117tis n\u0117ra i\u0161ai\u0161kinta tarptautiniu susitarimu.<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ir taip pat<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pranc\u016bzija:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

CNIL oficialiai prane\u0161\u0117 bendrovei Pranc\u016bzija<\/strong> siekiant apsaugoti vaistini\u0173 vardu renkamus sveikatos duomenis (atrankos tyrimus). Ji taip pat kreip\u0117si \u012f daugiau nei 300 vaistini\u0173, kad patikrint\u0173 j\u0173 atitikt\u012f BDAR.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Institucija taip pat spalio prad\u017eioje paskelb\u0117 Baltoji knyga apie duomenis ir mok\u0117jimo b\u016bdus<\/strong>ir vie\u0161as konsultacijas d\u0117l \u012fdarbinimo vadovo projekto.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Galiausiai, CNIL nagrin\u0117ja galimyb\u0119 Veido atpa\u017einimo naudojimas olimpin\u0117se \u017eaidyn\u0117se<\/strong> nuo 2024 m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Europa<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyderland\u0173 duomen\u0173 apsaugos institucija<\/strong> Spalio 21 d. JK atmet\u0117 pra\u0161ym\u0105 leisti \u012ftraukti \u012ftariamo suk\u010diavimo telekomunikacij\u0173 ir internetini\u0173 mok\u0117jim\u0173 srityje juod\u0105j\u012f s\u0105ra\u0161\u0105.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ispanijos vald\u017eia<\/strong> skyr\u0117 16 000 eur\u0173 baud\u0105 asmeniui, atsakingam u\u017e biometrin\u0117s identifikavimo sistemos \u012fdiegim\u0105 darbo vietoje be i\u0161ankstinio poveikio vertinimo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Po saugumo pa\u017eeidimo, susijusio su \u201eClearview AI\u201c veido atpa\u017einimo sistemos naudojimu,Suomijos duomen\u0173 apsaugos institucija <\/strong>nusprend\u0117, kad policija \u0161i\u0105 programin\u0119 \u012frang\u0105 naudojo netur\u0117dama teisinio pagrindo, ir \u012fpareigojo j\u0105 laikytis \u012fstatym\u0173 bei informuoti atitinkamus asmenis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Var\u0161uvos vaivadijos administracinis teismas<\/strong> man\u0117, kad bankui neteis\u0117ta tvarkyti asmens duomenis remiantis BDAR 6 straipsnio 1 dalies f punktu (interes\u0173 pusiausvyra) vien d\u0117l j\u0173 galimo naudingumo ateityje. Nacionalini\u0173 sprendim\u0173 \u0161altinis: gdprhub<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201eAmazon\u201c sudar\u0117 sutart\u012f su Brit\u0173 slaptoji tarnyba<\/strong> (GCHQ, MI5, MI6), per kur\u012f bendrov\u0117 talpins ir vykdys dirbtinio intelekto analiz\u0119, pagr\u012fst\u0105 slaptais \u017evalgybos agent\u016br\u0173 duomenimis. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0160veicarijoje<\/strong>Saugaus prane\u0161im\u0173 siuntimo ir VPN paslauga \u201eProton\u201c spalio 22 d. laim\u0117jo apeliacij\u0105 d\u0117l jai \u012fpareigoto steb\u0117ti ir saugoti savo naudotoj\u0173 duomenis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Europos Parlamentas<\/strong> Spalio 6 d. JAV Senatas pri\u0117m\u0117 rezoliucij\u0105, kuria atmetamas veido atpa\u017einimo ir dirbtinio intelekto pagrindu veikian\u010dios nusp\u0117jamosios analiz\u0117s naudojimas policijos veikloje.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tarptautinis:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

43-iasis Tarptautin\u0117 duomen\u0173 apsaugos institucij\u0173 konferencija<\/strong> vyko Meksiko mieste ir vaizdo konferencijos b\u016bdu spalio 18\u201321 d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Konferencijoje buvo priimtos kelios rezoliucijos, \u012fskaitant vien\u0105 d\u0117l vaik\u0173 skaitmenini\u0173 teisi\u0173 ir kit\u0105 d\u0117l teis\u0117saugos institucij\u0173 prieigos prie priva\u010diojo sektoriaus duomen\u0173.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Duomen\u0173 apsaugos institucija Piet\u0173 Kor\u0117ja<\/strong> rekomenduoja skirti 257 USD kompensacij\u0105 po \u201eFacebook\u201c (\u201eMeta\u201c) saugumo pa\u017eeidimo kiekvienam vartotojui, kurio duomenys buvo netinkamai perduoti tre\u010diosioms \u0161alims.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Anne Christine Lacoste<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201eOlivier Weber Avocat\u201c partner\u0117 Anne Christine Lacoste yra teisinink\u0117, kurios specializacija \u2013 duomen\u0173 teis\u0117; ji buvo Europos duomen\u0173 apsaugos prie\u017ei\u016bros pareig\u016bno tarptautini\u0173 santyki\u0173 vadov\u0117 ir dirbo \u012fgyvendinant BDAR Europos S\u0105jungoje.<\/em><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAtraskite Viqtor\u00ae<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

CLOUD \u012fstatymas ir Europos \u012fmon\u0117s: kokia taikymo sritis? \u201eLegal Watch\u201c Nr. 40 \u2013 2021 m. spalis CLOUD \u012fstatymas ir Europos \u012fmon\u0117s: kokia taikymo sritis? Duomen\u0173 dematerializavimas ir saugojimas \u201edebesyse\u201c turi esmini\u0173 ir sud\u0117ting\u0173 pasekmi\u0173 \u012fmoni\u0173 \u012fsipareigojimams. Net ir saugomi [\u2026]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5679,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_header_footer","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[35],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5477","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-veille-juridique"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nLe CLOUD Act et les entreprises europ\u00e9ennes : quel champ d\u2019application ? - Viqtor<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Le CLOUD Act et les entreprises europ\u00e9ennes : quel champ d\u2019application ? 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