{"id":5477,"date":"2023-04-19T12:48:51","date_gmt":"2023-04-19T12:48:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/exciting-panini.13-37-234-21.plesk.page\/?p=5477"},"modified":"2024-07-26T10:48:37","modified_gmt":"2024-07-26T10:48:37","slug":"le-cloud-act-et-les-entreprises-europeennes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/viqtor.eu\/hr\/zakon-o-oblaku-i-europska-poduzeca\/","title":{"rendered":"Zakon CLOUD i europske tvrtke: koji je opseg primjene?"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Zakon CLOUD i europske tvrtke: koji je opseg primjene?<\/h1>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Pravni nadzor br. 40 \u2013 Listopad 2021.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zakon CLOUD i europske tvrtke: koji je opseg primjene?<\/strong>Dematerijalizacija podataka i njihovo pohranjivanje u \u201eoblacima\u201c imaju temeljne i slo\u017eene posljedice na obveze tvrtki.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u010cak i kada se pohranjuju u Europi, podaci nisu imuni na zahtjev za otkrivanje od strane tre\u0107e zemlje u pravnom kontekstu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sve aktualnije pitanje digitalnog suvereniteta posebno se odra\u017eava u evoluciji prava Sjedinjenih Dr\u017eava, s CLOUD Zakonom i njegovim ekstrateritorijalnim podru\u010djem primjene.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pod kojim uvjetima europska podru\u017enica ameri\u010dke tvrtke, ili obrnuto, ameri\u010dka podru\u017enica europske tvrtke, mo\u017ee biti prisiljena priop\u0107iti svoje podatke ameri\u010dkim vlastima?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zakon CLOUD (Clarifying Lawful Overseas Use of Data - Poja\u0161njenje zakonite upotrebe podataka u inozemstvu) usvojen je u Sjedinjenim Dr\u017eavama u o\u017eujku 2018. Njegov je cilj omogu\u0107iti ameri\u010dkim kaznenim vlastima pristup podacima ameri\u010dkih pru\u017eatelja usluga u oblaku, bez obzira na to gdje su podaci pohranjeni, i bez potrebe za pokretanjem postupka putem me\u0111unarodne uzajamne pravne pomo\u0107i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Neposredno prije dono\u0161enja Zakona o oblaku (CLOUD Act), Microsoft je odbio ameri\u010dkim vlastima dostaviti podatke pohranjene u svom irskom oblaku, navode\u0107i kao razlog neprimjenjivanje ameri\u010dkog zakona na podatke pohranjene u Europi, \u0161to je dovelo do dugotrajnih sudskih postupaka.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zakon CLOUD poja\u0161njava i pro\u0161iruje svoj opseg kako bi sprije\u010dio ovakvu situaciju.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tekst tako\u0111er omogu\u0107uje stranim dr\u017eavama pristup podacima pru\u017eatelja usluga u oblaku sa sjedi\u0161tem u SAD-u, bez potrebe za podno\u0161enjem zahtjeva za me\u0111usobnu pravnu pomo\u0107, u slu\u010daju bilateralnog sporazuma.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sporazum ove vrste nedavno je sklopljen izme\u0111u Sjedinjenih Dr\u017eava i Ujedinjenog Kraljevstva, prvi takve vrste.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zakon CLOUD primjenjuje se na bilo koju ameri\u010dku tvrtku u smislu ameri\u010dkog prava, tj. na tvrtku osnovanu u Sjedinjenim Dr\u017eavama i tvrtke kojima ona upravlja.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Europska podru\u017enica ili europska tvrtka kojom upravlja ameri\u010dka tvrtka stoga mo\u017ee biti podlo\u017ena ovom zakonu, \u0161to \u0107e neizbje\u017eno uzrokovati sukob zakona u mjeri u kojoj te tvrtke tako\u0111er podlije\u017eu GDPR-u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Treba napomenuti da se koncept odnosi i na europske tvrtke s "prisutno\u0161\u0107u" u Sjedinjenim Dr\u017eavama, \u0161to znatno pro\u0161iruje njegov opseg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To isti\u010de Europski odbor za za\u0161titu podataka u svom stavu iz 2019. godine, kao i \u0161vicarsko Ministarstvo pravosu\u0111a u vrlo nedavnoj studiji od 17. rujna 2021. o Zakonu CLOUD.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ovu nesigurnost oko opsega Zakona CLOUD prenijelo je i samo Ministarstvo pravosu\u0111a Sjedinjenih Dr\u017eava u bijeloj knjizi o toj temi iz travnja 2019., od koje je ovdje izvadak (neslu\u017ebeni prijevod):<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201eIma li strana korporacija koja se nalazi izvan Sjedinjenih Dr\u017eava, ali pru\u017ea usluge u Sjedinjenim Dr\u017eavama, dovoljno kontakata sa Sjedinjenim Dr\u017eavama da bi podlijegala ameri\u010dkoj jurisdikciji, pitanje je specifi\u010dnog \u010dinjeni\u010dnog stanja koje se temelji na prirodi, koli\u010dini i kvaliteti kontakata korporacije sa Sjedinjenim Dr\u017eavama.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0160to je tvrtka namjernije usmjerila svoje pona\u0161anje prema Sjedinjenim Dr\u017eavama, to je vjerojatnije da \u0107e sud utvrditi da tvrtka podlije\u017ee jurisdikciji SAD-a.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ameri\u010dki sudovi koji primjenjuju ovu analizu u gra\u0111anskim slu\u010dajevima koji uklju\u010duju web stranice, na primjer, usredoto\u010dili su se na stupanj interaktivnosti stranice s korisnicima u svojoj jurisdikciji, uzimaju\u0107i u obzir \u010dimbenike kao \u0161to su funkcija i mehanika web stranice, bilo kakva specifi\u010dna promocija korisnicima, privla\u010denje klijenata putem stranice i stvarna upotreba od strane korisnika.\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ovo tuma\u010denje potencijalno podvrgava vrlo velik broj europskih tvrtki pravnim zahtjevima SAD-a, \u010dak i kada se baze podataka nalaze u Europi. Me\u0111utim, prema \u010dlanku 48. GDPR-a, zakon strane zemlje ne mo\u017ee predstavljati dovoljnu pravnu osnovu za prijenos osobnih podataka tijelima te zemlje.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tekst GDPR-a izri\u010dito odre\u0111uje da se takvi prijenosi podataka mogu odvijati samo u okviru me\u0111unarodnog sporazuma kao \u0161to je sporazum o me\u0111usobnoj pravnoj pomo\u0107i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ovo na\u010delo ima za cilj osigurati i za\u0161titu prenesenih podataka i minimalnu pravnu sigurnost.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Koja rje\u0161enja?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S politi\u010dke perspektive, prije svega, napomenimo da Europska komisija trenutno pregovara o sporazumu sa Sjedinjenim Ameri\u010dkim Dr\u017eavama \u010diji je cilj olak\u0161ati pristup elektroni\u010dkim dokazima u kaznenim istragama, dok Vije\u0107e Europe razvija drugi protokol Budimpe\u0161tanske konvencije o kiberneti\u010dkom kriminalu... dva teksta koja bi pojasnila pravni okvir koji se odnosi na ove prijenose podataka u skladu s europskim pravom.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To\u010dnije, Zakon o ra\u010dunalstvu u oblaku (Cloud Act) predvi\u0111a da se tvrtka suo\u010dena s sukobom zakona mo\u017ee pozvati na zakon kojem podlije\u017ee, u ovom slu\u010daju GDPR, kako bi osporila ameri\u010dki zahtjev (\u201ematerijalni rizik kr\u0161enja stranih zakona\u201c).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To ipak uklju\u010duje postupke koji mogu biti dugotrajni i skupi, bez sigurnosti u pogledu njihovog ishoda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

U praksi se mogu poduzeti tehni\u010dke mjere za za\u0161titu podataka, inspirirane preporukama Europskog odbora za za\u0161titu podataka.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pohrana podataka u Europi, zabrana zadr\u017eavanja podataka \u201eu ne\u010ditljivom obliku\u201c, specifi\u010dne mjere \u0161ifriranja poput onih koje je detaljno opisao EDPS u svom mi\u0161ljenju iz lipnja 2021. o alatima za prijenos podataka izvan Europske unije (str. 30) i zadr\u017eavanje klju\u010deva za \u0161ifriranje u Europskoj uniji.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zakon CLOUD ne zabranjuje \u0161ifriranje (iako Sjedinjene Dr\u017eave zahtijevaju od tvrtki da sura\u0111uju s vladinim vlastima po ovom pitanju) i ne zauzima stav o pravilima de\u0161ifriranja tre\u0107ih zemalja.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Na kraju, dodajmo da su prve europske oblake nedavno odobrila europska tijela za za\u0161titu podataka: pro\u0161log prolje\u0107a CNIL je odobrio prvi europski kodeks pona\u0161anja posve\u0107en pru\u017eateljima usluga infrastrukture oblaka.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tako\u0111er je upravo odobrila Nacionalni laboratorij za mjeriteljstvo i ispitivanje (LNE) i Bureau Veritas Italia Spa za provo\u0111enje provjera uskla\u0111enosti s ovim kodeksom pona\u0161anja.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ne smatraju\u0107i "sve lokalno" apsolutnim \u010darobnim lijekom, europski oblaci imaju prednost u tome \u0161to nude pove\u0107anu pravnu sigurnost, sve dok me\u0111unarodni sporazum ne razjasni situaciju.<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

I tako\u0111er<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Francuska:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

CNIL je slu\u017ebeno obavijestio tvrtku Francetest<\/strong> kako bi osigurala zdravstvene podatke (screening testove) koje prikuplja u ime ljekarni. Tako\u0111er je kontaktirala vi\u0161e od 300 ljekarni kako bi provjerila njihovu uskla\u0111enost s GDPR-om.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vlasti su tako\u0111er po\u010detkom listopada objavile bijela knjiga o podacima i na\u010dinima pla\u0107anja<\/strong>i javno savjetovanje o nacrtu vodi\u010da za zapo\u0161ljavanje.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kona\u010dno, CNIL prou\u010dava mogu\u0107nost Kori\u0161tenje prepoznavanja lica za Olimpijske igre<\/strong> od 2024.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Europa<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nizozemska agencija za za\u0161titu podataka<\/strong> Dana 21. listopada, UK je odbio zahtjev za odobrenje stavljanja na crnu listu sumnjivih prijevara u telekomunikacijama i online pla\u0107anjima.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0160panjolska vlast<\/strong> kaznio je osobu odgovornu za implementaciju biometrijskog identifikacijskog sustava na radnom mjestu bez prethodne procjene utjecaja nov\u010danom kaznom od 16.000 eura.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nakon sigurnosnog propusta u kontekstu kori\u0161tenja sustava za prepoznavanje lica Clearview AI,Finsko tijelo za za\u0161titu podataka <\/strong>smatrao je da je policija koristila ovaj softver bez zakonske osnove te joj je nalo\u017eio da se pridr\u017eava zakona i obavijesti doti\u010dne osobe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pokrajinski upravni sud u Var\u0161avi<\/strong> smatrao je nezakonitim da banka obra\u0111uje osobne podatke na temelju \u010dlanka 6(1)(f) GDPR-a (ravnote\u017ea interesa), isklju\u010divo zbog njihove mogu\u0107e budu\u0107e korisnosti. Izvor nacionalnih odluka: gdprhub<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Amazon je sklopio ugovor s Britanska tajna slu\u017eba<\/strong> (GCHQ, MI5, MI6), putem kojeg \u0107e tvrtka hostirati i upravljati analizama umjetne inteligencije na osjetljivim podacima obavje\u0161tajnih agencija. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

U \u0160vicarskoj<\/strong>Proton, usluga sigurne razmjene poruka i VPN-a, 22. listopada dobio je \u017ealbu protiv obveze pra\u0107enja i pohranjivanja podataka svojih korisnika.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Europski parlament<\/strong> Ameri\u010dki Senat je 6. listopada usvojio rezoluciju kojom se odbacuje prepoznavanje lica i prediktivna analiza temeljena na umjetnoj inteligenciji u policijskom radu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Me\u0111unarodno:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

43. Me\u0111unarodna konferencija tijela za za\u0161titu podataka<\/strong> odr\u017ean je u Mexico Cityju putem videokonferencije od 18. do 21. listopada.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Na konferenciji je usvojeno nekoliko rezolucija, uklju\u010duju\u0107i onu o digitalnim pravima djece i drugu o pristupu tijela za provedbu zakona podacima privatnog sektora.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tijelo za za\u0161titu podataka Ju\u017ena Koreja<\/strong> preporu\u010duje od\u0161tetu nakon sigurnosnog propusta na Facebooku (Meta) u iznosu od 257 dolara svakom korisniku \u010diji su podaci nepropisno preneseni tre\u0107im stranama.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Anne Christine Lacoste<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Partnerica u tvrtki Olivier Weber Avocat, Anne Christine Lacoste, odvjetnica je specijalizirana za pravo podataka; bila je voditeljica me\u0111unarodnih odnosa u Europskom nadzorniku za za\u0161titu podataka i radila je na provedbi GDPR-a u Europskoj uniji.<\/em><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tOtkrijte Viqtor\u00ae<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Zakon CLOUD i europska poduze\u0107a: koji opseg primjene? Legal Watch br. 40 \u2013 listopad 2021. Zakon CLOUD i europska poduze\u0107a: koji opseg primjene? Dematerijalizacija podataka i njihova pohrana u \u201eoblacima\u201c imaju temeljne i slo\u017eene posljedice za obveze poduze\u0107a. \u010cak i kada se pohranjuju [\u2026]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5679,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_header_footer","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[35],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5477","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-veille-juridique"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nLe CLOUD Act et les entreprises europ\u00e9ennes : quel champ d\u2019application ? - Viqtor<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Le CLOUD Act et les entreprises europ\u00e9ennes : quel champ d\u2019application ? 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