{"id":5860,"date":"2023-04-25T15:15:49","date_gmt":"2023-04-25T15:15:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/exciting-panini.13-37-234-21.plesk.page\/?p=5860"},"modified":"2024-08-06T12:32:13","modified_gmt":"2024-08-06T12:32:13","slug":"facilites-des-recours-et-lourdeurs-des-sanctions","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/viqtor.eu\/et\/apellatsioonivoimaluste-lihtsus-ja-sanktsioonide-raskusaste\/","title":{"rendered":"Apellatsiooni lihtsus ja sanktsioonide rangus"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"Apellatsiooni\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Apellatsiooni lihtsus ja sanktsioonide rangus<\/h1>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Katkend Bruno DUMAY raamatust: GDPR DEKR\u00dcPTSIOON \u2013 ettev\u00f5tete ja organisatsioonide juhtidele, strateegilistele osakondadele ja t\u00f6\u00f6tajatele \u2013 eess\u00f5na Ga\u00eblle MONTEILLERilt<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

Vaatamata oma intelligentsusele ja sidususele, hoolimata k\u00f5igi Euroopa Liidu riikide \u00fchtsusest selle s\u00e4tete teatavaks tegemisel ja j\u00f5ustamisel, puuduks isikuandmete kaitse \u00fcldm\u00e4\u00e4rusel, nagu igal teisel m\u00e4\u00e4rusel, usaldusv\u00e4\u00e4rsus ja seega ka t\u00f5husus, kui sellega ei kaasneks m\u00e4rkimisv\u00e4\u00e4rsete sanktsioonide v\u00f5imalus juhul, kui need, kes peaksid seda kohaldama, ei j\u00e4rgi n\u00f5udeid.<\/p>\n\n

J\u00e4\u00e4des truuks \u00fcksikisikute eelistamisele organisatsioonide ees, on koostajad ette n\u00e4inud \u00f5iguskaitsevahendid, mida on lihtne rakendada ning mis t\u00f5estatud rikkumise korral t\u00f5en\u00e4oliselt kaasa toovad s\u00fc\u00fcdim\u00f5istvaid otsuseid ja sanktsioone. Artikkel 77 on selles osas selge: \u201e... igal andmesubjektil on \u00f5igus esitada j\u00e4relevalveasutusele kaebus... kui ta leiab, et temaga seotud isikuandmete t\u00f6\u00f6tlemine rikub k\u00e4esolevat m\u00e4\u00e4rust.\u201c Ja kui j\u00e4relevalveasutuse otsus, millel on taotluse menetlemiseks aega kolm kuud, andmesubjekti ei rahulda, saab ta esitada kaebuse (artikkel 78).<\/p>\n\n

Kuid hagi saab esitada ka otse vastutava t\u00f6\u00f6tleja vastu. Artikli 79 pealkiri ei j\u00e4ta selles osas ebaselgust: \u201e\u00d5igus t\u00f5husale \u00f5iguskaitsevahendile vastutava t\u00f6\u00f6tleja v\u00f5i volitatud t\u00f6\u00f6tleja vastu.\u201c L\u00f5ige 1 t\u00e4psustab: \u201e...igal andmesubjektil on \u00f5igus t\u00f5husale \u00f5iguskaitsevahendile, kui ta leiab, et tema k\u00e4esoleva m\u00e4\u00e4ruse kohaseid \u00f5igusi on rikutud...\u201c.<\/p>\n\n

Seega n\u00e4eme, et andmeid t\u00f6\u00f6tleva \u00fcksuse ja\/v\u00f5i isiku vastu on v\u00e4ga lihtne algatada hagi, esmalt halduslikku ja seej\u00e4rel v\u00f5imalik, et ka kohtulikku. Hagi esitamiseks piisab sellest, kui andmesubjekt \u201eleiab\u201c, et t\u00f6\u00f6tlemine ei ole olnud n\u00f5uetekohane. Ta saab tegutseda \u00fcksi v\u00f5i lasta end esindada \u201emittetulundus\u00fchingul, organisatsioonil v\u00f5i \u00fchingul..., mille p\u00f5hikirjalised eesm\u00e4rgid on avalikus huvis ja mis tegutseb andmesubjektide \u00f5iguste ja vabaduste kaitse valdkonnas...\u201c (artikkel 80-1). Veelgi parem, \u201eliikmesriigid v\u00f5ivad ette n\u00e4ha, et igal asutusel, organisatsioonil v\u00f5i \u00fchingul on andmesubjekti poolt antud volitustest s\u00f5ltumatult \u00f5igus esitada k\u00f5nealuses liikmesriigis kaebus j\u00e4relevalveasutusele...\u201c (artikkel 80-2). Teisis\u00f5nu, isikuandmete kaitse \u00fcldm\u00e4\u00e4rus j\u00e4tab liikmesriikidele \u00f5iguse anda spetsialiseeritud struktuurile \u00f5igus ise menetlust algatada, isegi kui \u00fcksikisik ei ole seda taotlenud.<\/p>\n\n

Need s\u00e4tted avavad ukse ka kollektiivhagidele, mis Prantsusmaal kehtestati juba 2014. aasta Hamoni seadusega ja seej\u00e4rel 18. novembri 2016. aasta seadusega, mida tuntakse kui \u201e\u00f5igusem\u00f5istmise moderniseerimist 21. sajandil\u201c.e<\/sup> \u201esajandil." Viimane seadus lubab ainult s\u00fc\u00fcteo l\u00f5petamist. Isikuandmete kaitse \u00fcldm\u00e4\u00e4rus avab v\u00f5imaluse h\u00fcvitisele, isegi kui see tundub pigem individuaalne kui kollektiivne.<\/p>\n\n

T\u00f5epoolest, p\u00e4rast edasikaebamis\u00f5igust kehtestatakse omakorda \u00f5igus h\u00fcvitisele: \u201eIgal isikul, kes on k\u00e4esoleva m\u00e4\u00e4ruse rikkumise tagaj\u00e4rjel kannatanud materiaalset v\u00f5i moraalset kahju, on \u00f5igus saada vastutavalt t\u00f6\u00f6tlejalt v\u00f5i volitatud t\u00f6\u00f6tlejalt h\u00fcvitist tekitatud kahju eest\u201c (art. 82-1).<\/p>\n\n

Kes selle h\u00fcvitise eest maksab? Asjad on selged: \u201eIga t\u00f6\u00f6tlemises osalev vastutav t\u00f6\u00f6tleja vastutab kahju eest, mis on tekkinud k\u00e4esoleva m\u00e4\u00e4ruse rikkumisena toimuva t\u00f6\u00f6tlemise tagaj\u00e4rjel. Volitatud t\u00f6\u00f6tleja vastutab t\u00f6\u00f6tlemise tagaj\u00e4rjel tekkinud kahju eest ainult juhul, kui ta ei ole t\u00e4itnud k\u00e4esolevas m\u00e4\u00e4ruses s\u00e4testatud kohustusi\u201c (artikkel 82-2). M\u00f5lemad pooled saavad siiski t\u00f5endada s\u00fc\u00fc puudumist: \u201eVastutav t\u00f6\u00f6tleja v\u00f5i volitatud t\u00f6\u00f6tleja vabastatakse l\u00f5ike 2 kohasest vastutusest, kui ta t\u00f5endab, et kahju p\u00f5hjustanud s\u00fcndmus ei ole mingil viisil tema s\u00fc\u00fcks pandud\u201c (artikkel 82-3).<\/p>\n\n

Kui kaasatud on mitu osalejat, \u201evastutab iga vastutav t\u00f6\u00f6tleja v\u00f5i volitatud t\u00f6\u00f6tleja kahju eest t\u00e4ies ulatuses, et tagada andmesubjektile t\u00f5hus h\u00fcvitis\u201c (artikkel 82-4). See ei takista h\u00fcvitise maksmist: \u201eKui vastutav t\u00f6\u00f6tleja v\u00f5i volitatud t\u00f6\u00f6tleja on l\u00f5ike 4 kohaselt kahju t\u00e4ielikult h\u00fcvitanud, on tal \u00f5igus n\u00f5uda teistelt samas t\u00f6\u00f6tlemises osalenud vastutavatelt t\u00f6\u00f6tlejatelt v\u00f5i volitatud t\u00f6\u00f6tlejatelt h\u00fcvitise osa, mis vastab nende vastutusele kahju tekitamise eest\u201c (artikkel 82-5).<\/p>\n\n

N\u00fc\u00fcd, kui vastutus on kindlaks m\u00e4\u00e4ratud, kuidas saab sanktsioone m\u00e4\u00e4rata? J\u00e4relevalveasutusel on k\u00f5ik vajalikud volitused andmet\u00f6\u00f6tleja v\u00f5i volitatud t\u00f6\u00f6tleja korrale kutsumiseks, sealhulgas andmete t\u00f6\u00f6tlemise piiramiseks v\u00f5i keelamiseks, isikuandmete parandamiseks v\u00f5i kustutamiseks, edastamise peatamiseks, sertifikaadi t\u00fchistamiseks ja haldustrahvi m\u00e4\u00e4ramiseks (artikkel 58-2).<\/p>\n\n

Artikkel 83 s\u00e4testab haldustrahvide tingimused, mis peavad olema \u201eproportsionaalsed ja hoiatavad\u201d (art. 83-1). Artikli l\u00f5ikes 2 loetletud 11 kriteeriumi \u201ehaldustrahvi m\u00e4\u00e4ramise otsustamiseks\u201d n\u00e4itavad, et iga karistus m\u00e4\u00e4ratakse igal \u00fcksikjuhul eraldi, v\u00f5ttes loomulikult arvesse, \u201ekas rikkumine pandi toime tahtlikult v\u00f5i hooletuse t\u00f5ttu\u201d. L\u00f5igetes 4 ja 5 loetletakse erinevad v\u00f5imalikud rikkumised ja m\u00e4\u00e4ratakse trahvide maksimaalne summa; kuni 20 000 000 eurot v\u00f5i ettev\u00f5tte puhul kuni 4,1 TP3T eurot tema aastasest \u00fclemaailmsest k\u00e4ibest, olenevalt sellest, kumb on suurem. Piisab, kui \u00f6elda, et sellise suurusega trahvid v\u00f5ivad ettev\u00f5tte stabiilsust t\u00f5siselt kahjustada (m\u00e4rkusena v\u00f5ib \u00f6elda, et CNIL-i poolt viimastel aastatel kohaldatud maksimaalsed karistused olid 150 000 eurot).<\/p>\n\n

Mis puutub \u00f5iguskaitsevahenditesse, mida saaks taotleda ja saada kohtumenetluse korral kas j\u00e4relevalveasutuse otsuse v\u00f5i andmet\u00f6\u00f6tleja v\u00f5i volitatud t\u00f6\u00f6tleja vastu, siis v\u00f5ime eeldada, et need on samuti \u201eproportsionaalsed ja hoiatavad\u201d (need kaks s\u00f5na koos k\u00f5lavad nagu oks\u00fc\u00fcmoron, kuid on selge, et need ei ole GDPR-i vaimus).<\/p>\n\n

J\u00e4relevalveasutus on seega k\u00f5ikv\u00f5imas, mis muuseas teeb seda t\u00fc\u00fcpi organist institutsiooni, mis \u00fchendab kolme v\u00f5imu \u2013 seadusandliku (isegi kui need ainult seaduse ettepanekut esitavad), t\u00e4idesaatva ja kohtuv\u00f5imu \u2013, mis on suurtes demokraatiates tavaliselt eraldatud. Ainu\u00fcksi j\u00e4relevalveasutuse poolt artikli 58-2 alusel tehtud ettekirjutuse mittet\u00e4itmine v\u00f5ib kaasa tuua maksimaalse trahvi (artikkel 83-5). Riikidevahelise t\u00f6\u00f6tlemise korral m\u00e4\u00e4ravad karistuse asjaomased j\u00e4relevalveasutused \u00fchiselt.<\/p>\n\n

Muude sanktsioonide, \u201eeelk\u00f5ige rikkumiste eest, mille suhtes ei kohaldata artiklis 83 s\u00e4testatud haldustrahve\u201c, v\u00f5ivad otsustada liikmesriigid (artikkel 84-1).<\/p>\n\n

Tuletagem veel kord meelde p\u00f5hiprintsiipi: iga\u00fchel peab s\u00e4ilima omandi\u00f5igus ja kontroll oma isikuandmete \u00fcle. Iga organisatsiooni, kes seda p\u00f5him\u00f5tet rikub, v\u00f5idakse karistada.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAvastage Viqtor\u00ae<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Edasikaebuste lihtsus ja sanktsioonide raskusaste V\u00e4ljav\u00f5te Bruno DUMAY t\u00f6\u00f6st: GDPR DEKR\u00dcPTSIOON \u2013 ettev\u00f5tete ja organisatsioonide juhtidele, strateegilistele osakondadele ja t\u00f6\u00f6tajatele \u2013 eess\u00f5na Ga\u00eblle MONTEILLERilt Vaatamata oma intelligentsusele ja j\u00e4rjepidevusele, vaatamata k\u00f5igi Euroopa Liidu riikide \u00fchtsusele teha teatavaks ja kinnitada [\u2026]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5861,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_header_footer","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[62],"tags":[38],"class_list":["post-5860","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-decryptage","tag-decryptage"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nFacilit\u00e9s des recours et lourdeurs des sanctions - Viqtor<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Facilit\u00e9s des recours et lourdeurs des sanctions - 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