{"id":5477,"date":"2023-04-19T12:48:51","date_gmt":"2023-04-19T12:48:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/exciting-panini.13-37-234-21.plesk.page\/?p=5477"},"modified":"2024-07-26T10:48:37","modified_gmt":"2024-07-26T10:48:37","slug":"le-cloud-act-et-les-entreprises-europeennes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/viqtor.eu\/et\/le-cloud-act-et-les-entreprises-europeennes\/","title":{"rendered":"CLOUD Act ja Euroopa ettev\u00f5tted: milline on kohaldamisala?"},"content":{"rendered":"
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CLOUD Act ja Euroopa ettev\u00f5tted: milline on kohaldamisala?<\/h1>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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\u00d5iguslik valve nr 40 \u2013 Oktoober 2021<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

CLOUD Act ja Euroopa ettev\u00f5tted: milline on kohaldamisala?<\/strong>Andmete dematerialiseerimine ja nende salvestamine \u201epilvedes\u201c avaldab ettev\u00f5tete kohustustele p\u00f5him\u00f5ttelist ja keerulist m\u00f5ju.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Isegi Euroopas s\u00e4ilitamisel ei ole andmed kaitstud kolmanda riigi avalikustamistaotluse eest \u00f5iguslikus kontekstis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dcha aktuaalsemaks muutuv digitaalse suver\u00e4\u00e4nsuse teema leiab erilist kaja Ameerika \u00dchendriikide \u00f5iguse arengus, CLOUD Acti ja selle ekstraterritoriaalse kohaldamisala kaudu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Millistel tingimustel saab Ameerika ettev\u00f5tte Euroopa t\u00fctarettev\u00f5tet v\u00f5i vastupidi, Euroopa ettev\u00f5tte Ameerika t\u00fctarettev\u00f5tet sundida edastama oma andmeid Ameerika ametiv\u00f5imudele?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ameerika \u00dchendriikides v\u00f5eti 2018. aasta m\u00e4rtsis vastu CLOUD Act (andmete seadusliku v\u00e4lismaise kasutamise selgitamine). Selle eesm\u00e4rk on v\u00f5imaldada USA kriminaalasutustel juurde p\u00e4\u00e4seda USA pilveteenuse pakkujate andmetele, olenemata andmete salvestamise kohast, ja ilma et oleks vaja algatada rahvusvahelise vastastikuse \u00f5igusabi menetlust.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vahetult enne CLOUD Acti vastuv\u00f5tmist keeldus Microsoft USA ametiv\u00f5imudele edastamast oma Iirimaa pilves talletatud andmeid, viidates USA seaduste mittekohaldamisele Euroopas talletatud andmetele, mis oli viinud pikkade kohtumenetlusteni.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

CLOUD Act selgitab ja laiendab oma ulatust, et sellist olukorda \u00e4ra hoida.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Samuti v\u00f5imaldab tekst v\u00e4lisriikidel kahepoolse lepingu korral juurde p\u00e4\u00e4seda USA-s asuvate pilveteenuse pakkujate andmetele ilma vastastikuse \u00f5igusabi taotlust esitamata.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hiljuti s\u00f5lmiti Ameerika \u00dchendriikide ja \u00dchendkuningriigi vahel selline leping, mis on esimene omataoline.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

CLOUD Act kehtib iga USA \u00e4ri\u00fchingu kohta USA \u00f5iguse t\u00e4henduses, st Ameerika \u00dchendriikides asutatud \u00e4ri\u00fchingu ja selle kontrolli all olevate \u00e4ri\u00fchingute kohta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Seega v\u00f5ib Ameerika ettev\u00f5tte kontrolli all olev Euroopa t\u00fctarettev\u00f5te v\u00f5i Euroopa ettev\u00f5te kuuluda selle seaduse alla, mis p\u00f5hjustab paratamatult \u00f5iguslikke konflikte ulatuses, milles need ettev\u00f5tted kuuluvad ka isikuandmete kaitse \u00fcldm\u00e4\u00e4ruse alla.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pange t\u00e4hele, et kontseptsioon on suunatud ka Euroopa ettev\u00f5tetele, millel on Ameerika \u00dchendriikides \u201eesindus\u201c, mis laiendab selle ulatust m\u00e4rkimisv\u00e4\u00e4rselt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Seda juhib t\u00e4helepanu Euroopa Andmekaitsekomitee 2019. aasta seisukohas ja \u0160veitsi justiitsministeerium hiljutises, 17. septembril 2021 avaldatud uuringus CLOUD Acti kohta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Seda CLOUD Acti ulatuse ebakindlust kajastab Ameerika \u00dchendriikide justiitsministeerium ise 2019. aasta aprillikuu valges raamatus, mille mitteametlik t\u00f5lge on siin:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201eSee, kas v\u00e4ljaspool Ameerika \u00dchendriike asuval, kuid Ameerika \u00dchendriikides teenuseid pakkuval v\u00e4lismaisel korporatsioonil on Ameerika \u00dchendriikidega piisavalt kontakte, et alluda USA jurisdiktsioonile, on faktispetsiifiline uuring, mis s\u00f5ltub korporatsiooni Ameerika \u00dchendriikidega peetavate kontaktide olemusest, kvantiteedist ja kvaliteedist.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mida teadlikumalt on ettev\u00f5te oma tegevuse Ameerika \u00dchendriikidesse suunanud, seda t\u00f5en\u00e4olisemalt leiab kohus, et ettev\u00f5te kuulub USA jurisdiktsiooni alla.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e4iteks USA kohtud, kes rakendavad seda anal\u00fc\u00fcsi veebisaitidega seotud tsiviilasjades, on keskendunud saidi interaktiivsuse astmele oma jurisdiktsiooni kuuluvate klientidega, v\u00f5ttes arvesse selliseid tegureid nagu veebisaidi funktsioon ja mehaanika, klientidele suunatud konkreetne reklaam, saidi kaudu \u00e4ritegevuse pakkumine ja klientide tegelik kasutamine.\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

See t\u00f5lgendus v\u00f5ib potentsiaalselt seada USA \u00f5iguslikele n\u00f5uete alla v\u00e4ga suure hulga Euroopa ettev\u00f5tteid, isegi kui andmebaasid asuvad Euroopas. Isikuandmete kaitse \u00fcldm\u00e4\u00e4ruse artikli 48 kohaselt ei saa v\u00e4lisriigi \u00f5igus olla aga piisav \u00f5iguslik alus isikuandmete edastamiseks selle riigi ametiasutustele.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Isikuandmete kaitse \u00fcldm\u00e4\u00e4ruse tekst s\u00e4testab s\u00f5naselgelt, et selline andmeedastus v\u00f5ib toimuda ainult rahvusvahelise lepingu, n\u00e4iteks vastastikuse \u00f5igusabi lepingu raames.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selle p\u00f5him\u00f5tte eesm\u00e4rk on tagada nii edastatavate andmete kaitse kui ka minimaalne \u00f5iguskindlus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Milliseid lahendusi?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Poliitilisest vaatenurgast olgu k\u00f5igepealt m\u00e4rgitud, et Euroopa Komisjon peab praegu Ameerika \u00dchendriikidega l\u00e4bir\u00e4\u00e4kimisi lepingu \u00fcle, mille eesm\u00e4rk on h\u00f5lbustada juurdep\u00e4\u00e4su elektroonilistele t\u00f5enditele kriminaaluurimistes, samal ajal kui Euroopa N\u00f5ukogu on v\u00e4lja t\u00f6\u00f6tamas Budapesti k\u00fcberkuritegevuse konventsiooni teist protokolli... kahte teksti, mis selgitaksid nende andmeedastuste \u00f5igusraamistikku koosk\u00f5las Euroopa \u00f5igusega.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00e4psemalt s\u00e4testab pilveseadus, et \u00f5igusnormide konflikti sattunud ettev\u00f5te v\u00f5ib Ameerika taotluse vaidlustamiseks tugineda oma kehtivale \u00f5igusele, antud juhul isikuandmete kaitse \u00fcldm\u00e4\u00e4rusele ("v\u00e4lisriikide seaduste rikkumise oluline oht").<\/p>\n\n\n\n

See h\u00f5lmab siiski protseduure, mis v\u00f5ivad osutuda pikkadeks ja kulukateks ning mille tulemuse osas puudub kindlus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Praktikas saab andmete kaitsmiseks v\u00f5tta tehnilisi meetmeid, mis on inspireeritud Euroopa Andmekaitsekomitee soovitustest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Andmete salvestamine Euroopas, andmete s\u00e4ilitamise keeld \u201esalvsetel alustel\u201c, konkreetsed kr\u00fcpteerimismeetmed, n\u00e4iteks need, mida Euroopa Andmekaitseinspektor kirjeldas oma 2021. aasta juuni arvamuses andmeedastusvahendite kohta v\u00e4ljaspool Euroopa Liitu (lk 30), ja kr\u00fcpteerimisv\u00f5tmete s\u00e4ilitamine Euroopa Liidus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

CLOUD Act ei keela kr\u00fcpteerimist (kuigi Ameerika \u00dchendriigid n\u00f5uavad ettev\u00f5tetelt selles k\u00fcsimuses valitsusasutustega koost\u00f6\u00f6d) ega v\u00f5ta seisukohta kolmandate osapoolte riikide dekr\u00fcpteerimisreeglite kohta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u00f5petuseks olgu \u00f6eldud, et esimesed Euroopa pilveteenused on hiljuti saanud Euroopa andmekaitseasutuste heakskiidu: eelmisel kevadel kiitis CNIL heaks esimese Euroopa k\u00e4itumisjuhendi, mis on p\u00fchendatud pilveinfrastruktuuri teenusepakkujatele.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Samuti andis see \u00e4sja loa riiklikule metroloogia- ja katselaborile (LNE) ning Bureau Veritas Italia Spa-le kontrollida selle k\u00e4itumisjuhendi j\u00e4rgimist.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ilma et \u201et\u00e4ielikult kohalikku\u201d lahendust absoluutseks imerohiks peetaks, on Euroopa pilvetehnoloogial eeliseks suurem \u00f5iguskindlus, kui olukord pole rahvusvahelise kokkuleppega selgemaks tehtud.<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ja ka<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prantsusmaa:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

CNIL on ettev\u00f5tet ametlikult teavitanud. Francetest<\/strong> apteekide nimel kogutavate terviseandmete (s\u00f5eltestide) turvamiseks. Samuti on ettev\u00f5te p\u00f6\u00f6rdunud enam kui 300 apteegi poole, et kontrollida nende vastavust isikuandmete kaitse \u00fcldm\u00e4\u00e4rusele.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Samuti avaldas asutus oktoobri alguses valge raamat andmete ja makseviiside kohta<\/strong>ja avalik konsultatsioon v\u00e4rbamisjuhendi kavandi kohta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u00f5puks uurib CNIL v\u00f5imalust, et N\u00e4otuvastuse kasutamine ol\u00fcmpiam\u00e4ngudel<\/strong> alates 2024. aastast.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Euroopa<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hollandi andmekaitseamet<\/strong> 21. oktoobril l\u00fckkas \u00dchendkuningriik tagasi taotluse anda luba telekommunikatsiooni- ja internetimaksete pettuste kahtluse korral musta nimekirja lisada.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hispaania ametiv\u00f5im<\/strong> trahvis t\u00f6\u00f6kohal biomeetrilise tuvastuss\u00fcsteemi rakendamise eest vastutavat isikut ilma eelneva m\u00f5juhinnanguta 16 000 euroga.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u00e4rast turvarikkumist Clearview tehisintellekti n\u00e4otuvastuss\u00fcsteemi kasutamise kontekstisSoome andmekaitseamet <\/strong>leidis, et politsei oli seda tarkvara kasutanud ilma seadusliku aluseta, ning kohustas neid seadust j\u00e4rgima ja asjaomaseid isikuid teavitama.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Varssavi provintsi halduskohus<\/strong> pidas panga poolt isikuandmete t\u00f6\u00f6tlemist isikuandmete kaitse \u00fcldm\u00e4\u00e4ruse artikli 6 l\u00f5ike 1 punkti f (huvide tasakaalustamine) alusel ebaseaduslikuks ainu\u00fcksi nende v\u00f5imaliku tulevase kasulikkuse t\u00f5ttu. Riiklike otsuste allikas: gdprhub<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Amazon on s\u00f5lminud lepingu ettev\u00f5ttega Briti salateenistus<\/strong> (GCHQ, MI5, MI6), mille kaudu ettev\u00f5te majutab ja haldab luureagentuuride tundlike andmete tehisintellekti anal\u00fc\u00fcse. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0160veitsis<\/strong>Turvaline s\u00f5numside- ja VPN-teenus Proton v\u00f5itis 22. oktoobril apellatsioonkaebuse, mis vaidlustas talle pandud kohustuse j\u00e4lgida ja s\u00e4ilitada oma kasutajate andmeid.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Euroopa Parlament<\/strong> 6. oktoobril v\u00f5ttis USA senat vastu resolutsiooni, millega l\u00fckati tagasi n\u00e4otuvastuse ja tehisintellektil p\u00f5hineva ennustava anal\u00fc\u00fcsi kasutamine politseit\u00f6\u00f6s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rahvusvaheline:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

43. Andmekaitseasutuste rahvusvaheline konverents<\/strong> toimus Mehhikos ja videokonverentsi teel 18.\u201321. oktoobrini.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Konverentsil v\u00f5eti vastu mitu resolutsiooni, sealhulgas \u00fcks laste digitaalsete \u00f5iguste kohta ja teine \u00f5iguskaitseasutuste juurdep\u00e4\u00e4su kohta erasektori andmetele.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Andmekaitseamet L\u00f5una-Korea<\/strong> soovitab Facebooki (Meta) turvaintsidendi j\u00e4rel maksta 257 dollarit h\u00fcvitist igale kasutajale, kelle andmeid eba\u00f5igesti kolmandatele isikutele edastati.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Anne Christine Lacoste<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Olivier Weber Avocati partner Anne Christine Lacoste on andme\u00f5igusele spetsialiseerunud jurist; ta oli Euroopa Andmekaitseinspektori rahvusvaheliste suhete juht ja tegeles GDPR-i rakendamisega Euroopa Liidus.<\/em><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAvastage Viqtor\u00ae<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

CLOUD Act ja Euroopa ettev\u00f5tted: milline on kohaldamisala? Legal Watch nr 40 \u2013 oktoober 2021 CLOUD Act ja Euroopa ettev\u00f5tted: milline on kohaldamisala? Andmete dematerialiseerimisel ja nende salvestamisel \u201epilvedes\u201c on ettev\u00f5tete kohustustele p\u00f5him\u00f5ttelised ja keerulised tagaj\u00e4rjed. Isegi kui andmeid salvestatakse [\u2026]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5679,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_header_footer","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[35],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5477","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-veille-juridique"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nLe CLOUD Act et les entreprises europ\u00e9ennes : quel champ d\u2019application ? - Viqtor<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Le CLOUD Act et les entreprises europ\u00e9ennes : quel champ d\u2019application ? 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