{"id":15185,"date":"2026-11-02T10:33:26","date_gmt":"2026-11-02T10:33:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/viqtor.eu\/sanction-uber-le-management-algorithmique-a-lepreuve-du-droit\/"},"modified":"2026-11-02T10:33:26","modified_gmt":"2026-11-02T10:33:26","slug":"uber-sanction-algorithmic-management-put-to-the-test-by-law","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/viqtor.eu\/en\/uber-sanction-algorithmic-management-put-to-the-test-by-law\/","title":{"rendered":"Uber sanctions: algorithmic management put to the test by law."},"content":{"rendered":"

To what extent can a company delegate to a machine the power to recruit, evaluate, pay, sanction or exclude a worker? <\/strong>The recent sanction adopted by the Dutch data protection authority against the ride-hailing company Uber provides us with a starting point for an answer.<\/p>\n

The authority imposed a fine of \u20ac824,990,000 on August 21.<\/strong> to the company, in cooperation with the CNIL which had initiated the investigation procedure. 
Uber used software to monitor driver behavior and analyze customer reviews, and between 2018 and 2022 automatically deactivated certain driver accounts in cases of suspected fraud or lack of sufficient reviews.<\/p>\n

The authority condemned the company for automated decision-making without human supervision.<\/strong><\/p>\n

This decision illustrates the functioning of European cooperation between two data protection authorities, and gives us the opportunity to take stock of the development of algorithmic management in a professional context and its legal framework.<\/p>\n

In this particular case, the CNIL and the Dutch authority had been cooperating since 2020, the date of the collective complaint received by the CNIL from the association La Ligue des droits de l'Homme, representing more than 170 drivers of the UBER platform. <\/p>\n

The company has a head office in San Francisco (Uber technologies inc.) and a European headquarters in Amsterdam (Uber BV), which is why the Dutch authority conducted the investigations and took a position, after analyzing with France the evidence obtained and jointly examining the draft final decision. <\/p>\n

This decision is the third taken by the Netherlands in a case that has already seen the company convicted for failing to inform drivers and illegally transferring data to the United States. <\/p>\n

It mainly recalls the rules that must govern algorithmic management, and stresses that human verification is essential before any decision is made on the basis of an algorithm.<\/p>\n

It also gives us the opportunity to recall that, in addition to this necessary human intervention and the obligation to inform employees, algorithmic management will most often be part of a context involving both the consideration of the principle of "privacy by design", and the prior completion of a data protection impact assessment (DPIA) by the employer. <\/p>\n

Before implementing new monitoring or management technologies in the workplace, whether these relate to recruitment, human resources management, measuring employee effectiveness or task allocation, employers must put in place technical and organizational protection measures from the outset. <\/p>\n

These measures must be tailored to the risks involved and may include, in particular, process less data<\/strong>, to resort to the pseudonymization<\/strong> and to limit access<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

In summary, The protection of privacy cannot be a secondary consideration<\/strong>. It must be integrated from the outset into the design of the technologies used in the workplace.<\/p>\n

On the other hand, the algorithmic management<\/strong> will in most cases be considered as a treatment \u00ab"High risk"\u00bb<\/strong> requiring a impact analysis<\/strong> because they meet a number of criteria listed in the GDPR<\/strong> : such tools generally involve new technological solutions, automated decision-making, monitoring, the combination of data sets, and employees find themselves in a situation of dependence on their employer.<\/p>\n

The objective of this AIPD<\/strong> will be\u2019to identify, assess and mitigate risks<\/strong> related to the introduction of this new technology, taking into consideration the impact on employees and their point of view.<\/p>\n

These essential principles of the GDPR will soon be complemented by other protective measures.<\/p>\n

If the AI regulation<\/strong> has already entered into force; certain provisions relating to high-risk AI systems will apply from December 2027<\/strong>. 
L'Article 9<\/strong> and theAnnex III<\/strong> the regulations will require employers to implement a risk management system<\/strong> when they use AI for certain tasks related to employment and personnel management, for example, posting targeted job offers, analyzing and filtering applications, or evaluating candidates.<\/p>\n

In certain specific cases where the risks are particularly high, a assessment of the impact on fundamental rights<\/strong> will also need to be carried out, in parallel with the AIPD.<\/p>\n

Furthermore, new European rules relating to work on platforms<\/strong> will enter into force on December 2<\/strong> next.<\/p>\n

These aim to regulate the use of algorithms for human resource management on digital work platforms.<\/p>\n

Employers will therefore have to inform workers about the use of AI<\/strong>, and these systems will need to be supervised by qualified personnel<\/strong>, benefiting from special protection against any adverse treatment.<\/p>\n

A human supervision<\/strong> It will also have to be guaranteed for important decisions, such as the suspension of accounts.<\/p>\n

In this constantly evolving context, the Dutch sanction<\/strong> This constitutes a very useful reminder, especially since it seems to be just the beginning.<\/p>\n

This September, drivers from several European countries have hired a class action lawsuit in Amsterdam against Uber<\/strong>, this time contesting the use of the algorithm for remuneration and allocation of rides.<\/p>\n

\"French<\/p>\n

In France<\/h3>\n

Just a few weeks after Parliament adopted the\u2019ban on social media for those under 15<\/strong>, the law was blocked by the Constitutional Council<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

He estimated the August 14<\/strong> lastly, that this ban\u00ab would infringe on the freedom of expression and communication of minors<\/strong> and would, moreover, be tainted by an excess of competence.".<\/p>\n

The Constitutional Council further notes that this prohibition would have the consequence of forcing all users, including adults, must prove their age<\/strong> before accessing certain online services.<\/p>\n

However, the law did not define the procedures or the limits of this verification: the legislator therefore did not provide for sufficient guarantees<\/strong> to protect the right to respect for private life, guaranteed by the\u2019Article 2 of the Declaration of 1789<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

The Council does not question the objective of protecting minors, but requires that age verification systems reconcile this objective with the protection of data and the privacy of all users.<\/p>\n

The government has not abandoned the project, with the Prime Minister tasked with "drafting, as quickly as possible, a legally sound bill." The law was initially scheduled to come into effect on January 1, 2027<\/strong>. The government is now aiming for the Spring 2027<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

There DGFiP<\/strong> confirmed August 14<\/strong> that malicious actors had gained illegitimate access to its information system and had been able to view and extract data from 678,000 individuals and professionals<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

These concern tax information<\/strong> (reference income, family quotient, withholding tax rate, SIREN number and company name) and cadastral data<\/strong> (addresses and surface areas of real estate).<\/p>\n

The intrusion was initially detected and blocked. end of June<\/strong>, was revealed after a public claim of responsibility by the attackers in mid-August.<\/p>\n

The affected individuals were informed individually and the The data breach has been notified to the CNIL<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

The intrusion was allegedly made possible by the compromising an agent's credentials<\/strong>, combined with insufficiently protected external access.<\/p>\n

L'absence of two-factor authentication<\/strong> widespread access to agents constitutes a weakness identified a posteriori: Bercy announced its accelerated deployment following the attack.<\/p>\n

Note that France has been brought before the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU)<\/strong> For failure to transpose the European directive NIS2<\/strong> (Network and information security). The transposition should have taken place no later than in October 2024<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

There CNIL<\/strong> published the August 10<\/strong> a reminder of the measures to be taken to guarantee the\u2019independence of the data protection officer (DPO)<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

The publication aims to help companies identify and manage the risks of conflicts of interest<\/strong> related to this function. It lists the functions at risk and proposes ways to address conflicts of interest.<\/p>\n

\"European<\/p>\n

In Europe<\/h3>\n

European institutions and bodies<\/h4>\n

There European Commission<\/strong> designated the August 31<\/strong> ChatGPT, Reddit, and Roblox<\/strong> as being respectively a very large online search engine<\/strong> and two very large online platforms<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

ChatGPT, as everyone knows, is an artificial intelligence (AI) system capable of interacting with users and responding to their requests and queries, notably by performing web searches, which, according to the Commission, makes it a hybrid service<\/strong> falling within the scope of Digital Services Act (DSA)<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Reddit is a platform that allows users to create, share, view, and interact with content within communities organized by theme.<\/p>\n

Roblox is an immersive gaming and creation platform that allows users to create, publish, and play games developed by other users.<\/p>\n

These designations confer upon the Commission specific investigative powers<\/strong> and require these services, from here end of December 2026<\/strong>, to comply with the additional obligations set out in the DSA, particularly with regard to the\u2019systemic risk assessment and mitigation<\/strong> stemming from their algorithmic systems.<\/p>\n

In an opinion from August 11<\/strong> last, the European Data Protection Supervisor (EDPS)<\/strong> is concerned about a reform that would allow Europol<\/strong> to process and store data more broadly people with no established link to a criminal investigation<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

He is particularly concerned that expanding Europol's analytical capabilities could lead to the establishment of links or profiles between individuals and criminal activities without sufficiently established grounds.<\/p>\n

The EDPS points out that the more automated analysis capabilities Europol has, the greater the risk of moving from one collection based on suspicion<\/strong> to a logic of preventive mass collection<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

He is demanding stricter guarantees regarding necessity, proportionality, shelf life and control<\/strong>, so that the effectiveness of the fight against crime does not come at the expense of the right to privacy and data protection.<\/p>\n

News from the member countries of the European Union.<\/h4>\n

Advertising is now making its way into cars. The German manufacturer BMW<\/strong> launched an advertising campaign this summer on the\u2019main screen<\/strong> of its latest car models.<\/p>\n

When drivers started their cars, a promotional animation for the upcoming Spider-Man movie appeared on the screen. The advertisement occupied most of the screen for nearly 20 seconds<\/strong> And temporarily disabled certain functions<\/strong> such as navigation, multimedia and air conditioning. 
This trial covers several recent models and has been deployed in more than 70 countries<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

A Austrian court<\/strong> considered that the national data protection authority (DPA) could refuse to act on a complaint<\/strong> concerning an access request submitted by an association on behalf of an individual.<\/p>\n

The court points to the the association's economic model<\/strong>, and the fact that it derives financial benefit from favorable court decisions even though the person concerned does not explicitly express an interest in filing the application in question: "a general power of attorney aimed at automatically searching for data protection breaches and obtaining financial benefits justifies the refusal to process a complaint under the\u00abArticle 57(4) of the GDPR<\/strong> and the relevant case law of the CJEU, the Supreme Administrative Court (VwGH) and the Federal Administrative Court (BVwG).\u00bb  <\/p>\n

THE August 26<\/strong>, the United States government has registered Autistici\/Inventati (A\/I)<\/strong>, an Italian collective of associative accommodation, on the List of organizations and members of organizations considered terrorist<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

The Trump administration accuses the group of having provided a "\u00ab material support<\/strong> \u00bb"to anti-fascist and left-wing groups via its accommodation services.<\/p>\n

American organizations linked to A\/I must cease all relations before the September 25<\/strong>, the domain name autistici.org<\/strong> was suspended by the US administrator of .org domains., cutting off access to the collective's emails and services<\/strong> for its users. <\/p>\n

There Norway<\/strong> intends to strictly regulate the smart glasses<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

THE August 25<\/strong>, The minister in charge of digitalization stated that she wanted these glasses to be subject to stricter regulations., prohibiting, in particular, facial recognition in public places<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

The minister intends to appoint a group of experts<\/strong> tasked with formulating recommendations on the regulation of cameras and microphones integrated into glasses, headphones and similar everyday devices.<\/p>\n

\"Flags<\/p>\n

Internationally<\/h3>\n

At United Kingdom<\/strong>, a small British electricity generating unit was out of service for four days<\/strong> in July following a cyberattack attributed to hackers linked to Iran<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

The incident, considered the first known success of an Iranian group against a British energy infrastructure<\/strong>, did not cause any disruption or threat to the national network, as the site did not constitute critical infrastructure.<\/p>\n

The British government has nevertheless strengthened cybersecurity measures in the energy sector<\/strong>, the attack being seen as a warning about the growing vulnerability of national infrastructure.<\/p>\n

Across the Channel as well, the British Transport Police (BTP)<\/strong> extended into August 2026<\/strong> his experimentation with real-time facial recognition (LFR)<\/strong> at certain stations on the London Underground, following an initial deployment in February.<\/p>\n

The technology compares the faces of travelers to a list of wanted people<\/strong>, particularly for serious offences, in order to allow for a rapid intervention by the police.<\/p>\n

Authorities claim the scheme is targeted, intelligence-based, and that the Images of people not matching the list are deleted.<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

The test must continue until November 2026<\/strong>. The fact that thousands of travelers were scanned in this way without being suspected of any wrongdoing reignites the debate on the proportionality and the legal framework for biometric surveillance<\/strong> in the United Kingdom.<\/p>\n

At Brazil<\/strong>, the APD inflicted the August 25<\/strong> has ByteDance<\/strong> a fine of 153.7 million reais (25.4 million euros)<\/strong> for the treatment of data on children and teenagers on TikTok<\/strong>, accompanied by a removal injunction<\/strong> data collected irregularly.<\/p>\n

The decision concerns two modes of access, namely the news feed accessible to all without connection and that accessible via a registered account, the processing of which violates several principles of the data protection law.<\/p>\n

In both cases, the authority noted a absence of a valid legal basis<\/strong> and effective protective measures.<\/p>\n

There South Korea<\/strong> spear "\u00ab AI for All<\/strong> \u00bba program aimed at offering free, unlimited access to generative AI services for all its citizens<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

The goal is to democratize the use of AI while strengthening the technological sovereignty<\/strong> of the country in comparison to the models of the United States and China.<\/p>\n

AI will be integrated into public services to facilitate medical, tax, real estate or educational procedures, and also to help small businesses.<\/p>\n

The government is planning an AI budget of $7.2 billion in 2026<\/strong>, with a nationwide rollout planned by the end of the year.<\/p>\n

A Hong Kong<\/strong>, The National Cyber Security Centre has published guidelines for agentic AI<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

The document defines five categories of risk<\/strong> (extended access, system vulnerabilities, vulnerable plugins or skills, functional drift, and risks associated with multiple agents), formula nine recommendations<\/strong> aligned with data protection principles and proposes an annex containing a security checklist<\/strong> covering the evaluation, preparation, deployment, use and uninstallation of AI agents.<\/p>\n

He further recalls that the latter are not legal entities<\/strong>, and that the organization remains responsible for the data<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

To UNITED STATES<\/strong>, the company's surveillance cameras Flock Safety<\/strong> These cameras are multiplying, not without provoking strong reactions. automatically read license plates<\/strong> with the alleged objective of fighting crime.<\/p>\n

However, several cities and residents are concerned about the risks to privacy, particularly the possibility that the data could be accessed by other police services or used in the context of migration controls<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Cybersecurity researchers have also revealed vulnerabilities potentially allowing access to certain images<\/strong>, This has heightened concerns about data security. Faced with these controversies, some municipalities have terminated their contracts or deactivated the cameras.<\/p>\n

In the United States as well, Meta<\/strong> concluded agreement with the justice system on the safety of teenagers<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

This agreement concluded with 51 Attorneys General<\/strong> ends a lawsuit accusing him of having designed Instagram and Facebook for encourage compulsive use among young people<\/strong> and to have minimized the associated risks.<\/p>\n

The agreement provides for up to $17.1 billion<\/strong> paid to the States over ten years, as well as new rules for the under 18 years old<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

The measures include a daily usage limit<\/strong>, A nighttime blockade<\/strong>, disabling notifications during certain periods, the removal of the display of "likes"\u00ab<\/strong>, the ban on cosmetic surgery filters and the possibility of using a non-personalized news feed<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

A age verification<\/strong> will also have to exclude the under 13 years old<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

The agreement finally provides for a independent auditor<\/strong> responsible for monitoring its application.<\/p>\n

The restrictions could be strengthened if other major platforms adopt similar rules, making this agreement a possible model for the entire sector<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

On the same subject, and still in the United States, TikTok<\/strong> and its parent company ByteDance<\/strong> agreed to pay $400 million<\/strong> to put an end to legal proceedings concerning the collection and protection of children's personal data<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

The US Department of Justice accused them, in particular, of not having sufficiently prevented the under 13 years old<\/strong> to use the platform and to have collected their data without parental consent<\/strong>.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Jusqu’o\u00f9 une entreprise peut-elle d\u00e9l\u00e9guer \u00e0 une machine le pouvoir de recruter, \u00e9valuer, r\u00e9mun\u00e9rer, sanctionner ou exclure un travailleur ? La r\u00e9cente sanction adopt\u00e9e par l\u2019autorit\u00e9 de protection des donn\u00e9es n\u00e9erlandaise \u00e0 l\u2019encontre de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de VTC Uber nous apporte un d\u00e9but de r\u00e9ponse. L\u2019autorit\u00e9 a inflig\u00e9 le 21 ao\u00fbt une amende de 824 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":15181,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[35],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-15185","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-veille-juridique"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nSanction Uber : le management algorithmique \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9preuve du droit. - Viqtor<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Sanction Uber : le management algorithmique \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9preuve du droit. - Viqtor\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/viqtor.eu\/en\/uber-sanction-algorithmic-management-put-to-the-test-by-law\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Sanction Uber : le management algorithmique \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9preuve du droit. - 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