{"id":14058,"date":"2026-05-06T15:26:06","date_gmt":"2026-05-06T15:26:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/viqtor.eu\/hebergement-de-donnees-professionnelles-attention-aux-plateformes-grand-public\/"},"modified":"2026-05-06T15:26:06","modified_gmt":"2026-05-06T15:26:06","slug":"hebergement-de-donnees-professionnelles-attention-aux-plateformes-grand-public","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/viqtor.eu\/en\/professional-data-hosting-beware-of-consumer-platforms\/","title":{"rendered":"Hosting professional data: beware of consumer platforms."},"content":{"rendered":"

Legal Watch No. 79 \u2013 January 2025.  <\/strong><\/p>\n

Hosting professional data: beware of consumer platforms.<\/u><\/strong><\/h3>\n

The obligations of data hosting providers regarding the fight against child pornography have a very wide impact on the confidentiality of the documents we entrust to them.<\/p>\n

This is what a Parisian lawyer recently discovered to his cost, when he stored extremely sensitive confidential information on Google Drive in the context of a criminal case.<\/p>\n

The decision of the Paris Court of Appeal of January 24 reminds lawyers \u2013 as well as any professional dealing with sensitive data \u2013 that data confidentiality is not guaranteed on hosting services such as Google Drive.<\/p>\n

Indeed, Google, like any other company subject to US law, can, in the context of the fight against child sexual abuse, delete a hosting account or an email account in case of suspicion of illegality of the data.<\/p>\n

In this particular case, the lawyer who had stored several dozen child pornography images on Google Drive, processed in the legitimate context of a criminal case, had his Drive account deleted, as well as his Gmail account.<\/p>\n

He was also reported to the NCMEC (National Center for Missing and Exploited Children).<\/p>\n

Faced with the lawyer who was demanding the return of his data as well as damages from Google, the Court confirmed that the possession of the files, even in a professional context, did not justify their retention and that the suspension of the account and the report were legitimate under the legal obligations to which the hosting provider is subject.<\/p>\n

It is worth remembering that detection algorithms that constantly scan stored files and emails do not differentiate between legitimately held sensitive files and illegal content, nor between personal or professional activities.<\/p>\n

An account can be suspended without notice and without recourse, meaning that a lawyer can lose immediate access to their files and communications, even in the course of legitimate business.<\/p>\n

Furthermore, still on the subject of child pornography, American hosting providers who already scan the content stored on their servers are obliged to report the user to the competent police service for France, namely OFMIN.<\/p>\n

Using secure services is all the more essential when practicing a regulated profession.<\/p>\n

In this regard, let us recall the report published by ANSSI in 2023 concerning the state of the cyber threat against law firms.<\/p>\n

Although lawyers generally have a dedicated and secure system (e-Drive) and address (avocat.fr), just like doctors, this is not necessarily the case for all professions, especially those that are not regulated.<\/p>\n

Today, European rules, and in particular the LCEN in France (law of June 21, 2004 on confidence in the digital economy) do not provide for an obligation for systematic scanning by hosting providers of stored data, but an obligation to verify in the event of notification and suspicion of infringement.<\/p>\n

The legal framework could nevertheless evolve at the European level, with the adoption of the future CSAR regulation aimed at preventing and combating sexual abuse of children.<\/p>\n

While no one disputes the validity of the objectives, the plan to allow the systematic scanning of private communications is causing intense debate.<\/p>\n

At present, it is strongly advised in any case:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • To use cloud solutions dedicated to professionals, designed where appropriate for regulated professions and guaranteeing respect for professional secrecy;<\/li>\n
  • To strictly separate personal and professional uses;<\/li>\n
  • To encrypt data end-to-end;<\/li>\n
  • To choose a sovereign hosting provider based in France, or at the very least in Europe.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

     <\/h4>\n

    \"\"<\/strong><\/h4>\n

    On February 10th and 11th, France will host the Artificial Intelligence (AI) Action Summit,<\/strong> which will bring together at the Grand Palais heads of state and government, leaders of international organizations, CEOs of small and large companies, representatives of academia, non-governmental organizations, artists and members of civil society.<\/p>\n

    The CNIL publishes its 2025-2028 strategic plan<\/strong>The latter comprises four main axes:<\/p>\n

      \n
    • Artificial intelligence,<\/li>\n
    • Rights of minors,<\/li>\n
    • Cybersecurity<\/li>\n
    • Everyday digital uses.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      It will focus on two of these uses: mobile applications and digital identity.<\/p>\n

      The CNIL is also publishing several guidelines for data controllers at the beginning of this year.<\/p>\n

      She published the final version of her on January 31st guide on impact assessments for data transfers outside the European Union<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

      In a post dated January 23, she reminds us of the checks to be carried out when using freely available databases on the Internet <\/strong>or provided by a third party.<\/p>\n

      It also responds to the large-scale data breaches that affected millions of people in 2024, and proposes measures to strengthen security to address the risks of attack.<\/p>\n

      These relate to internal company procedures as well as precautions to be taken in the event of subcontracting.<\/p>\n

      She still remembers her recommendations on how to integrate SDKs (Software Development Kits) into mobile applications<\/strong>and indicates that it will conduct checks to ensure their compliance with the GDPR.<\/p>\n

      She finally published it on January 20th. review of its controls within the framework of a coordinated European action concerning respect for the right of access<\/strong>, and notes that the measures implemented by data controllers are sometimes insufficient: for example, when individuals exercise their right to access all of their data, some organizations provide only a partial or incomplete response.<\/p>\n

      The consumer association UFC-Que Choisir lost its lawsuit against Google. <\/strong><\/p>\n

      In June 2019, she launched a class action lawsuit against the company, denouncing practices contrary to the GDPR: intrusive geolocation, tracking of movements without consent, unsolicited targeted advertising.<\/p>\n

      The class action was based on a decision by the CNIL which had imposed a record fine of 50 million euros on Google.<\/p>\n

      The association was demanding 1000 euros per affected user, for a total of 27 billion euros.<\/p>\n

      The Paris judicial court rejected the request, citing a lack of sufficient evidence, and ordered the association to pay 10,000 euros in legal costs to Google.<\/p>\n

       <\/strong><\/h4>\n

      \"\"<\/strong><\/h4>\n

      European institutions and bodies <\/strong><\/h4>\n

      On January 16th, the The European Data Protection Board has adopted guidelines concerning pseudonymization.<\/strong><\/p>\n

      These specify the definition and conditions of application of pseudonymization, as well as its advantages.<\/p>\n

      They also provide a number of examples.<\/p>\n

      While pseudonymization does not exempt data from the application of the GDPR, it does nevertheless reduce the risks associated with processing (for example in the case of ransomware).<\/p>\n

      The guidelines are open for comment until February 28th.<\/p>\n

      On Wednesday, January 29, the General Court of the European Union (GC) ruled in favour of the European Data Protection Board (EDPB) in a dispute with the Irish Data Protection Authority (DPA).<\/p>\n

      The Committee's decision, challenged by Ireland, asked the DPA to expand its investigation into Meta's GDPR violations.<\/p>\n

      The court notes "that an expansion of the investigation, necessarily requested by at least half of the supervisory authorities (...), is not intended, contrary to what the applicant argues, to complicate the task of the person who filed a complaint or that of the controller targeted by it, but constitutes a measure to defend their respective rights" (\u00a756).<\/p>\n

      In its decision T-354\/22, the General Court of the European Union condemned the European Commission for violating the GDPR in the context of online registration for an event it was organised.<\/p>\n

      By means of the "connect with Facebook" hyperlink displayed on the homepage, the Commission "created the conditions enabling the transmission of the applicant's IP address to Facebook" and, consequently, to the United States.<\/p>\n

      At the time, the Privacy Shield had been invalidated and the transmission was therefore deemed contrary to Article 46 of Regulation 2018\/1725.<\/p>\n

      The Court held that "the moral injury claimed by the applicant must be considered real and certain" since the transfer "placed the applicant in a situation of insecurity with regard to the processing of his personal data, in particular his IP address".<\/p>\n

      This decision could have consequences if the "Data privacy framework" is invalidated, because it recognizes that simply connecting an Internet user to a US service constitutes a transfer of personal data to the United States.<\/p>\n

      In the "Mousse" judgment of 9 January 2025 (C-394\/23), the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) considers that it is not necessary to ask train ticket buyers whether they should be called "Sir" or "Madam".<\/p>\n

      The Court recalls that "for the processing of personal data to be considered necessary for the performance of a contract, within the meaning of this provision, it must be objectively indispensable to achieve a purpose which is an integral part of the contractual service intended for the person concerned".<\/p>\n

      In this case, the Court indicates that a practical and less intrusive solution seems to exist: the company concerned could opt for communication based on generic, inclusive polite formulas not correlated with presumed gender identity.<\/p>\n

      In a judgment of January 9, the CJEU also clarified the criteria for defining "excessive" requests within the meaning of Article 57(4) of the GDPR, stressing that it is not only the number of requests made by the data subject, but more the abusive intent behind these requests.<\/p>\n

      This decision concerns APDs, but the reasoning is interesting for data controllers.<\/p>\n

      The CJEU considers that the supervisory authorities bear the burden of proof and must demonstrate an abusive intent on the part of the person who made the request.<\/p>\n

      The CJEU ruling of 19 December 2024 (case C-65\/23) clarifies that while company agreements can constitute a specific legal basis, employers must ensure that this type of agreement complies with the GDPR.<\/p>\n

      In this particular case, a German company and its works council had concluded agreements regarding the processing of employee data.<\/p>\n

      The dispute concerned the use of new cloud-based software through which personal data was transferred to servers in the United States.<\/p>\n

      The ECJ emphasizes that national courts are required to verify compliance with all the principles of the GDPR, even if the data processing is based on a collective agreement.<\/p>\n

       <\/strong><\/h4>\n

      News from the member countries of the European Union. <\/strong><\/h4>\n

      In Belgium, the Belgian Data Protection Authority (APD) reprimanded an employer on January 7 for illegally handling allegations concerning the assault of a minor by one of its employees. <\/strong><\/p>\n

      The employer's security manager had asked the French National Security Authority to extend the security clearance of one of its employees, a request rejected by a reasoned decision of the Authority, transmitted to management and the employee.<\/p>\n

      However, management passed this information on to the person's direct supervisor, who launched disciplinary action against him.<\/p>\n

      The APD points to multiple violations, including the lack of legal basis, the transmission of data without a compatible purpose, the unlawful processing of sensitive data and the lack of transparency towards the person concerned.<\/p>\n

      In Denmark, the APD accepted FC Copenhagen's request to use facial recognition technology during football matches under national law, on the grounds that the intended application of suspensions constitutes a substantial public interest.<\/p>\n

      No permission has been granted for events other than football matches.<\/p>\n

      The Danish association "Danes je nov dan" has launched a tool designed to test users' ability to identify AI-generated content while informing them about the risks associated with its misuse.<\/p>\n

      Presented in the form of an interactive quiz, the tool covers various areas such as the recognition of synthetic images, texts and videos.<\/p>\n

      Unlike its Danish counterpart, the Spanish Data Protection Agency (APD) considered that the implementation of an optional facial recognition system, used to manage access to a football stadium, violated the principle of data minimization since less invasive alternatives existed, and on this basis imposed a fine of 200,000 euros on those responsible.<\/p>\n

      The Spanish Data Protection Authority (APD) also fined the operator CI Postal 200,000 euros for having, between September and October 2022, abandoned around 8,000 letters entrusted to it by several companies in public spaces.<\/p>\n

      The APD notes a violation of Articles 5(1)(f) and 32 of the GDPR regarding confidentiality and security, and points to the absence of a traceability system for mail and insufficient training of employees on data protection rules.<\/p>\n

      It also fined Generali Espa\u00f1a \u20ac4,000,000 after finding significant shortcomings in the company's approach to data security.<\/strong>, which allowed an unauthorized third party to access the data of more than 25,000 former customers.<\/p>\n

      The Estonian Data Protection Authority (APD) has fined Asper Biogene \u20ac85,000 (10% of turnover) for failing to adequately protect sensitive data in a ransomware attack.<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

      The company performs genetic tests such as paternity tests and screenings for hereditary diseases.<\/p>\n

      The hackers were able to download more than 33 GB of PDF files, neither anonymized nor pseudonymized, concerning approximately 100,000 Estonians.<\/p>\n

      In Greece, the Data Protection Authority (DPA) imposed a \u20ac50,000 fine on the Ministry of Climate Crisis and Civil Protection for failing to appoint a Data Protection Officer (DPO).<\/strong>, thereby violating \u2013 among other things \u2013 Article 37 of the GDPR.<\/p>\n

      The Chinese startup Deepseek launched a chatbot at the end of January that is similar to OpenAI's ChatGPT and Microsoft's Co-Pilot.<\/p>\n

      In addition to accusations from American giants that Deepseek used data generated by their own systems, the Chinese chatbot has already attracted the attention of the Italian Data Protection Authority (APD): on January 30, the APD blocked the chatbot in Italy and opened an investigation after receiving responses from Deepseek that were deemed totally insufficient to its questions.<\/p>\n

      The Irish, Belgian and French APDs also indicated that they had taken up the issue.<\/p>\n

      Decisions regarding "dark patterns" in cookies are multiplying.<\/strong>ent: In Sweden, the APD reprimanded a gambling company for the poor design of its cookie banner.<\/p>\n

      The graphic highlighting of the acceptance option and the additional steps required to refuse cookies rendered the consent invalid under Article 6 of the GDPR.<\/p>\n

      The APD also issued three reprimand decisions against companies that, for periods ranging from a few months to several years, had integrated Meta's audience measurement service (Meta Pixel) into their web pages.<\/p>\n

      This integration had the effect of redirecting traffic to Meta invisibly to users.<\/p>\n

       <\/strong><\/h4>\n

      \"\"<\/strong><\/h4>\n

      The UK's Data Protection Authority (DPA) announced in a press release on January 23 that it is tackling the issue of cookie compliance for the 1,000 largest websites in the UK.<\/p>\n

      The ICO also publishes a "strategy" to ensure that online tracking gives people "clear choices and confidence in how their information is used," and new guidance on "consent or pay" models.<\/p>\n

      In the United States, the three Democratic members of the Privacy and Civil Liberties Oversight Board (PCLOB), a council tasked with reviewing national security surveillance programs from a privacy perspective, were fired on January 27 after refusing to resign as requested by the White House.<\/p>\n

      The PCLOB was considered, in the context of the "Data Privacy Framework" between Europe and the United States, as an essential recourse for respecting the rights of individuals in matters of mass surveillance.<\/p>\n

      The impact of this measure on the viability of the transatlantic agreement is still unknown to date.<\/p>\n

      After revoking former President Joe Biden's AI executive order, Donald Trump signed a new one, which "revokes certain existing AI policies and guidelines that are barriers to American innovation in AI, paving the way for the United States to act decisively to maintain its position as a world leader in artificial intelligence."<\/p>\n

      On January 23, OpenAI unveiled its "Operator" agent, described as "an agent that can go on the web to perform tasks for you."<\/p>\n

      While generative AI applications can, for example, answer questions, summarize texts, and create synthetic images and videos, agentic AI applications can perform more complex tasks of not only creating but also implementing content.<\/p>\n

      Operator is thus designed to automate tasks such as planning holidays, filling out forms, or ordering groceries.<\/p>\n

      It is trained to interact with the usual buttons, menus and text fields of the web, and can also ask additional questions to further personalize these tasks.<\/p>\n

      Open AI clarifies that users can take control of the screen at any time.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Legal Watch No. 79 \u2013 January 2025. Hosting professional data: beware of consumer platforms. Data hosting providers' obligations regarding the fight against child pornography have a far-reaching impact on the confidentiality of the documents we entrust to them. This is what a Parisian lawyer recently discovered to his detriment, [\u2026]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":14054,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[35],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-14058","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-veille-juridique"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nH\u00e9bergement de donn\u00e9es professionnelles : attention aux plateformes grand public. - Viqtor<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"H\u00e9bergement de donn\u00e9es professionnelles : attention aux plateformes grand public. - Viqtor\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/viqtor.eu\/en\/professional-data-hosting-beware-of-consumer-platforms\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"H\u00e9bergement de donn\u00e9es professionnelles : attention aux plateformes grand public. - 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