{"id":14012,"date":"2026-05-06T15:23:21","date_gmt":"2026-05-06T15:23:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/viqtor.eu\/transferts-de-donnees-en-dehors-de-lue-etat-des-lieux\/"},"modified":"2026-05-06T15:23:21","modified_gmt":"2026-05-06T15:23:21","slug":"transferts-de-donnees-en-dehors-de-lue-etat-des-lieux","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/viqtor.eu\/en\/data-transfers-outside-of-the-current-situation\/","title":{"rendered":"Data transfers outside the EU: current situation"},"content":{"rendered":"

Legal Watch No. 70 \u2013 April 2024. <\/strong><\/p>\n

Data transfers outside the EU: current situation.<\/u><\/strong><\/h3>\n

The landscape of international data transfers is becoming clearer as institutional decisions and positions are taken. <\/p>\n

We have thus noted several recent initiatives at both European and national levels aimed at facilitating data flows while respecting fundamental rights.<\/p>\n

At a meeting held on March 4 with representatives of the fifteen countries already recognized as adequate, the European Commission thus displayed its willingness to broaden the forms of international cooperation of the EU.<\/p>\n

While in the past the Commission has favoured collaboration with the Council of Europe focused on human rights, the European Commissioner for Justice also mentioned in March closer collaboration with the OECD, an organisation whose outlook is focused on economic development.<\/p>\n

 The countries concerned, in America and Asia, have approaches to privacy protection that differ significantly from those of the European Union.<\/p>\n

It is worth recalling that in January the European Commission renewed the adequacy decisions of all countries that already benefited from a positive decision.<\/p>\n

This has also raised reactions in the current political context, with an open letter supported by 11 civil society organizations asking the European Commissioner for Justice on April 22 to provide clarification on his decision to renew his adequacy decision concerning Israel.<\/p>\n

 The letter questions, in particular, compliance with adequacy criteria in relation to the processing of data for national security purposes, respect for human rights, the rule of law and access to justice.<\/p>\n

Transfers remain possible of course to countries not benefiting from an adequacy decision, provided for example that standard contractual clauses have been adopted or that binding rules have been put in place within the group of companies to govern data transfers.<\/p>\n

To support groups in this process, the CNIL has just published a self-assessment tool.<\/p>\n

This is a questionnaire, which allows us to verify the level of maturity of the project in relation to the requirements of the BCR standards adopted by the European Data Protection Board (EDPB).<\/p>\n

The CNIL recommends testing the project before submitting the BCRs for approval.<\/p>\n

The tool allows verification of the effective implementation of the following commitments:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • A liability regime based on the European headquarters or the European subsidiary responsible by delegation for data protection;<\/li>\n
  • A staff training procedure;<\/li>\n
  • An audit procedure to ensure compliance with GCRs;<\/li>\n
  • An internal complaints handling procedure;<\/li>\n
  • A network of data protection officers or qualified employees to monitor compliance with the rules;<\/li>\n
  • A procedure to determine the appropriateness of conducting a privacy impact assessment (PIA);<\/li>\n
  • For BCRs "subcontractor", the obligations of the subcontractor towards the data controller;<\/li>\n
  • Appropriate technical and organizational measures to ensure compliance with data protection principles.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    The CNIL offers an interactive world map to identify the status of each country in terms of data protection, and the list of countries benefiting from an adequacy decision is available on the website of the European Commission.<\/p>\n

     <\/h4>\n

    \"\"<\/strong><\/h4>\n

    The CNIL imposed a fine of 525,000 euros on HUBSIDE.STORE on April 4th<\/strong> for conducting prospecting campaigns using personal data obtained through deceptively designed forms, which did not allow the data controller to obtain valid consent.<\/p>\n

    On March 25th, the Secretary of State for Digital Affairs presented France's strategic roadmap for the Digital Decade.<\/strong> in the presence of the Director-General for Communications Networks, Content and Technology (DG Connect) of the European Commission.<\/p>\n

    \u201cThe roadmap is structured around four areas of work aimed at achieving the objectives of the \u201cdigital decade\u201d:<\/p>\n

      \n
    • Digital skills,<\/li>\n
    • Digital infrastructure,<\/li>\n
    • The digital transformation of businesses and<\/li>\n
    • The digitization of public services.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      La Quadrature du Net filed a complaint on May 2nd with the CNIL against the deployment of algorithmic video surveillance (VSA).<\/strong> which she considers illegal.<\/p>\n

      Bringing together SNCF and RATP with a panel of companies, including the Atos group and ChapsVision, the Prevent PCP project takes the form of a public contract which allows companies to deploy their VSA systems in major stations across Europe to detect "abandoned luggage", via a method based on the identification and tracking of luggage owners.<\/p>\n

      In France, these VSA systems have been deployed for months in the Gare du Nord and Gare de Lyon in Paris or, more recently, in the Gare de Marseille-Saint-Charles.<\/p>\n

       <\/h4>\n

      \"\"<\/h4>\n

      European institutions and bodies<\/em><\/strong><\/h4>\n

      The European Data Protection Board (EDPB) adopted its work programme for 2024-2027 in mid-April. <\/strong><\/p>\n

      Over the next four years, the EDPB will continue to promote compliance with the GDPR by developing practical guidance and materials for a wider audience.<\/p>\n

      Cooperation in the application of legislation also remains a priority. <\/p>\n

      A new aspect of the strategy is the emphasis placed on interaction with the new digital regulatory framework.<\/p>\n

      The EDPB will continue to pay particular attention to the challenges posed by new technologies, such as AI.<\/p>\n

      The EDPB also took a position on April 17 regarding the "pay or accept cookies" model imposed on users of major online platforms. <\/strong><\/p>\n

      In November 2023, Meta introduced a monthly fee for users who refused to be tracked for personalized advertising purposes.<\/p>\n

      Civil rights organizations had reacted by filing several complaints with the competent data protection authorities (DPAs), who asked the EDPB for a binding opinion on the matter.<\/p>\n

      This opinion calls into question the model imposed by Meta and similar platforms: for the committee, "in most cases, it will not be possible for large online platforms to comply with the requirements of valid consent if they only confront users with a binary choice between consenting to the processing of personal data for behavioral advertising purposes and paying a fee."<\/p>\n

      The Committee reiterates that consent must be freely given, and that an alternative imposing a dissuasive payment would preclude freely given consent.<\/p>\n

      It urges platforms to implement an alternative advertising model based on a more limited collection of personal data.<\/p>\n

      The European Commission's initiative to encourage Big Tech companies to voluntarily commit to a "cookie pledge," which would reduce the tracking of internet users and strengthen their consent, has failed to gain traction. <\/strong><\/p>\n

      According to a Commission spokesperson speaking to Euronews, the majority of companies felt that introducing a voluntary approach to digital advertising was "premature given the recent entry into force of new legislation in this area, such as the Digital Services Regulation (DSA) and the Digital Markets Regulation (DMA)."<\/p>\n

      On April 11, the CJEU held that a data controller is not exempt from liability for damages under the GDPR simply because a person acting under their authority did not follow their instructions. <\/strong><\/p>\n

      To assess the amount of damages due as compensation, the criteria established for setting administrative fines should not be taken into account.<\/p>\n

      The Advocate General of the CJEU delivered his opinion on April 25 in a case concerning Meta's use of data made public by the complainant. <\/strong><\/p>\n

      According to the AG, the application of the "data minimization principle" limits the use that can be made of personal data for advertising purposes, even if users have consented to advertising.<\/p>\n

      This principle applies regardless of the legal basis used for processing: even a user who consents to personalized advertising cannot have their personal data used indefinitely.<\/p>\n

      Furthermore, the principle of "purpose limitation" set out in Article 5(1) of the GDPR remains applicable in the context of "web scraping": publicly available information (sensitive in this case) cannot be collected and processed for other purposes such as targeted advertising.<\/p>\n

      A complaint has been filed by the NGO noyb with the Austrian Data Protection Authority (APD) regarding the "hallucinations" of ChatGPT which would violate the principles of the GDPR. <\/strong><\/p>\n

      Max Schrems, director of noyb, said his complaint was triggered by ChatGPT not providing his exact date of birth and replacing it with a far-fetched guess, while the chatbot does not inform users that it does not have the correct data to respond to a request.<\/p>\n

      The AI company reportedly refused to correct or delete incorrect answers and does not disclose any information about the data processed, its sources or recipients.<\/p>\n

      Since the DSA came into effect in August 2023, major online platforms and search engines (\u201cVLOP\u201d and \u201cVLOSE\u201d) are required to provide publicly accessible and transparent advertising repositories. <\/strong><\/p>\n

      A new report from Mozilla, in collaboration with CheckFirst, examines this issue for services offered by 11 companies including AliExpress, Apple's App Store, Bing, Booking.com, Alphabet (Google Search and YouTube), LinkedIn or Meta (Facebook and Instagram).<\/p>\n

      The report notes "a wide variation between platforms" and states that none of them have "a fully functional advertising repository and none will provide researchers and civil society groups with the tools and data they need to effectively monitor the impact of VLOPs ads in the upcoming elections in Europe" (via GDPRtoday).<\/p>\n

       <\/em><\/strong> <\/em><\/strong><\/h4>\n

      News from European member countries.<\/em><\/strong><\/h4>\n

      The Belgian Data Protection Authority (APD) considered on April 2 that the collection of a user's terminal digital fingerprint ("online fingerprinting") should, in principle, be based on the consent of the person concerned.<\/strong><\/p>\n

      This technique allows the data controller to offer services that identify the website visitor even when browsing in incognito mode or using a VPN, by assigning them a unique identifier.<\/p>\n

      Combined with the user's location, this identifier makes it possible to track, among other things, the number of visits by the user.<\/p>\n

      The APD issued a warning specifically for failure to provide information and for using the contact details of the person concerned for sending marketing emails.<\/p>\n

      The cybersecurity and antivirus company Avast has been fined 13.7 million euros by the Czech Data Protection Authority (APD) on appeal, the highest fine ever imposed by the APD. <\/strong><\/p>\n

      The company did not anonymize the browsing data of more than 100 million users before sharing it with third parties for market analysis purposes.<\/p>\n

      It is worth recalling that Avast was also sanctioned in February in the United States by the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) and was forced to pay a sum of more than $18 million.<\/p>\n

      She is also the subject of a collective complaint in the Netherlands for the same offences.<\/p>\n

      In Finland, the hacker responsible for hacking into patient records at the Vastaamo psychotherapy center, who demanded a ransom of 400,000 euros for the stolen data, was sentenced to six years and three months in prison by the Uusimaa West District Court.  <\/strong><\/p>\n

      The hacking involves the records of approximately 33,000 patients, an unprecedented number of victims in Finland's legal history. <\/p>\n

      At the time, the APD imposed an administrative fine of 608,000 euros on Vastaamo for violating the GDPR, for neglecting its obligations regarding the secure processing of personal data and for delaying the reporting of the data breach.<\/p>\n

      The company's former CEO was sentenced last year to three months in prison, suspended, for failing to protect sensitive personal data.<\/p>\n

      The company has since filed for bankruptcy.<\/p>\n

      In the Netherlands, the telecommunications group Odido, formerly T-Mobile Nederland, was fined 175,000 euros. <\/strong>by the digital infrastructure inspection for having wrongly processed traffic data as part of a joint project with the national statistics agency.<\/p>\n

      The project aimed to develop an algorithm capable of providing information on the movements of large groups of people, but Odido's processes violated privacy legislation: Odido had taken care to pseudonymize the processed data, but without any of the clients being informed of the study.<\/p>\n

      The Greek Data Protection Authority (APD) has imposed a fine of 2,995,140 euros on the Hellenic Post Office.<\/strong> for failing to implement appropriate security measures, resulting in a data breach affecting over 4 million people.<\/p>\n

      The Spanish Data Protection Agency (AEPD) had decided to impose a fine of \u20ac2,000,000 on a bank <\/strong>for failing to obtain the consent of the individuals concerned by the processing of their personal data.<\/p>\n

      The data controller, having admitted his wrongdoing, ultimately paid a reduced fine of 1,200,000 euros. <\/p>\n

      Indeed, a Spanish law (39\/2015) concerning administrative procedures allows a controller to acknowledge responsibility for an alleged violation and\/or to pay the fine proposed by the AEPD at the investigation stage in exchange for a reduction of 40 % of the amount of the fine.<\/p>\n

      The AEPD also fined a data controller \u20ac3,500,000 for failing to conduct an adequate risk assessment.<\/strong> and which had neglected avoidable security flaws, resulting in a data breach affecting 1.3 million people.<\/p>\n

      In Sweden, the Data Protection Authority (APD) issued a reprimand to a data controller for asking data subjects to provide a copy of their identity document.<\/strong> as well as documents signed by mail in the context of a request for data deletion, when there was no reasonable cause to doubt the identity of the persons concerned.<\/p>\n

       <\/h4>\n

      \"\"<\/h4>\n

      Grindr has been the subject of a class action lawsuit in the United Kingdom. <\/strong>alleging that the LGBTQ dating app was sharing sensitive information about its users, such as their HIV status and sexual orientation, with advertisers.<\/p>\n

      According to a BBC report, the app allegedly used "secret tracking technology" to illegally collect and share this data with third parties (via GDPRtoday).<\/p>\n

      On May 3, the OECD Council adopted revisions to the Principles on Artificial Intelligence. <\/strong><\/p>\n

      In response to recent developments in AI technologies, including the emergence of generalist and generative AI, the updated principles more directly address the challenges associated with AI regarding privacy, intellectual property rights, security, and information integrity.<\/p>\n

      In the United States, Section 702 of the U.S. Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) has just been reauthorized for two years. <\/strong><\/p>\n

      This section, which authorizes limited warrantless surveillance of certain communications, must be renewed regularly by Congress.<\/p>\n

      The vote was reportedly controversial, as Congress considered several proposals to update the text of the law: according to the Associated Press, there was disagreement over whether the FBI should be limited in its use of the law to spy on Americans.<\/p>\n

      The Senate finally adopted the bill on April 20 with very few changes to the text.<\/p>\n

      On April 23, the Senate passed the Protecting Americans from Foreign Adversary Controlled Applications Act, a bill that has been widely described as a ban on TikTok. <\/strong><\/p>\n

      US President Joe Biden has just signed the law, which will force the Chinese platform to separate its US operations from those of its parent company, ByteDance, or accept that US citizens will no longer be able to use the service. TikTok has already announced legal action.<\/p>\n

      A proposed order from the U.S. Federal Trade Commission (FTC) dated April 15 accuses a mental health telehealth company of violating its privacy policy and misleading its customers about its service cancellation policy. <\/strong><\/p>\n

      The FTC intends to fine Cerebral and its CEO $7 million for collecting personally identifiable information about its customers and then selling it to third parties.<\/p>\n

      The European Court of Human Rights is currently dealing with several thousand cases concerning convictions in Turkey for membership in an armed terrorist organization, based on the alleged use of the encrypted messaging application called "Bylock". <\/strong><\/p>\n

      The applicants claim that their convictions were based on their alleged use of this application which, according to the Turkish courts, was designed for the exclusive use of FET\u00d6\/PDY members under the guise of a global application.<\/p>\n

      Anyone who had used Bylock could, in principle, according to them, be convicted on that basis alone for belonging to an armed terrorist organization.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Legal Watch No. 70 \u2013 April 2024. Data Transfers Outside the EU: Current Situation. The landscape of international data transfers is becoming clearer with each decision and institutional position taken. Several recent initiatives at both the European and national levels aim to facilitate data flows [\u2026]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":14008,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[35],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-14012","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-veille-juridique"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nTransferts de donn\u00e9es en dehors de l\u2019UE : \u00e9tat des lieux - Viqtor<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Transferts de donn\u00e9es en dehors de l\u2019UE : \u00e9tat des lieux - Viqtor\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/viqtor.eu\/en\/data-transfers-outside-of-the-current-situation\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Transferts de donn\u00e9es en dehors de l\u2019UE : \u00e9tat des lieux - 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