{"id":13952,"date":"2026-05-06T15:19:14","date_gmt":"2026-05-06T15:19:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/viqtor.eu\/sanction-meta-12-milliard-deuros-et-apres\/"},"modified":"2026-05-06T15:19:14","modified_gmt":"2026-05-06T15:19:14","slug":"sanction-meta-12-milliard-deuros-et-apres","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/viqtor.eu\/en\/sanction-meta-12-milliard-deuros-et-apres\/","title":{"rendered":"Meta sanction: 1.2 billion euros\u2026 and then what?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Legal Watch No. 59 \u2013 May 2023. <\/strong><\/h4>\n

Meta sanction: 1.2 billion euros\u2026 and then what?<\/u><\/strong><\/h4>\n

The penalty imposed on May 12 by the Irish authority on Meta, Facebook's parent company, is the highest ever imposed by a data protection authority since the GDPR came into force, at a time when the regulation is celebrating its fifth year of application.<\/p>\n

At the heart of this decision lies the Facebook transfers data from its European users to the United States, a country no longer considered to offer an adequate level of protection. <\/strong>since the decision of the Court of Justice of the European Union of 16 July 2020 (Schrems II ruling).<\/p>\n

This new sanction is also a symbol of cooperation between data protection authorities, as the Irish authority's decision is the result of a long and arduous procedure, not to mention a tug-of-war with its European counterparts.<\/p>\n

The APD was thus forced to broaden the scope of its decision and impose a significant fine.<\/p>\n

According to the NGO NOYB and its president Max Schrems, who initiated the complaint, there is not necessarily anything to celebrate.<\/p>\n

The procedure lasted three years, facing a national authority that systematically blocked the process at various stages, and resulted in more than ten million euros in legal costs\u2026 for a fine that will go to the Irish state.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

What are the concrete consequences for Meta?<\/strong><\/p>\n

The decision includes an implementation period: the company has until mid-October to stop transferring its users' data to the United States.<\/p>\n

It must also delete all data already transferred from its US data centers before mid-November.<\/p>\n

Although the company has threatened to cease providing its services in Europe, the likelihood of this announcement is doubtful, as Europe is its largest source of revenue after the United States, with the creation of several data centers located on European territory.<\/p>\n

The company announced that it would launch a national appeal against the Irish authority and that it would seek a stay of the order pending the exhaustion of legal proceedings.<\/p>\n

Meta is probably playing for time, counting on a new transatlantic agreement regularizing data transfers to the United States before autumn.<\/p>\n

However, it should be remembered, on the one hand, that a new agreement will not legalize past transfers and already proven violations of the law, and on the other hand, that the bar is high with regard to the future transatlantic agreement.<\/p>\n

The current project has already faced strong criticism from the European Parliament, and it is not certain that it will stand up to scrutiny by the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU).<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Impact on GAFAMs and data controllers in general<\/strong><\/p>\n

US surveillance laws, which are at the root of the decisions of the Irish authority, the EDPB and the CJEU, pose a problem for all major US cloud service providers, such as Microsoft, Google or Amazon.<\/p>\n

It should be noted that the relevant US surveillance law (FISA 702) must be reauthorized by December 2023.<\/p>\n

Although several European supervisory authorities have already ruled the use of American services involving data transfers illegal, their decisions were not accompanied by a fine as large as the one imposed on Meta.<\/p>\n

This could encourage major American technology companies and all those that use "cloud" services of American origin to review their practices and to carry out at least an impact analysis of the transfers.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

However, it would still be necessary for data protection authorities to be sufficiently dissuasive in their application of the GDPR. <\/strong><\/p>\n

They are now being criticized for their lack of effectiveness, as shown in the recent report by the Irish Council for Civil Liberties (ICCL).<\/p>\n

His analysis shows that the GDPR is rarely applied against Big Tech.<\/p>\n

Few major European cases would have resulted in serious enforcement measures: "the EDPB's register of final decisions reveals that most (64 %) of the 159 enforcement measures taken at the end of 2022 were merely reprimands."<\/p>\n

The study unsurprisingly points the finger at the Irish Data Protection Commission, as the authority has had 75 of its investigation decisions in EU cases overturned by a majority vote in the European Data Protection Board.<\/p>\n

The context regarding remedies is evolving towards better protection of individuals: the European directive on collective remedies is due to be implemented this summer, which will give European users an additional avenue of recourse by allowing them to bring collective actions in the event of a GDPR violation across the European Union.<\/p>\n

The Netherlands, which already allows this type of recourse, is seeing a rise in legal actions.<\/p>\n

The Dutch consumer rights organization "Consumentenbond" is currently bringing together Dutch Facebook users to file a complaint against data transfers between the European Union and the United States.<\/p>\n

Finally, a recent ruling by the CJEU (\u00d6sterreichische Post AG) has opened the way for "small claims" for privacy breaches, confirming that a threshold of severity for the moral damage suffered is not required, which could allow users to claim damages for violations concerning, for example, being subjected to mass surveillance by the United States.<\/p>\n

This would lead to compensation claims that far exceed current penalties.<\/p>\n

 <\/strong><\/p>\n

And also<\/strong><\/h4>\n

\"\"      <\/h4>\n
    \n
  • On May 16, the CNIL published an action plan for the deployment of AI systems that respect the privacy of individuals.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    It intends to extend its work on augmented cameras and will broaden its work to generative AI and large language models (LLMs) as well as derived applications (including chatbots).<\/p>\n

    This work will also help prepare for the entry into force of the draft European regulation on AI.<\/p>\n

      \n
    • The CNIL has imposed a fine of 380,000 euros on the company DOCTISSIMO.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      The Commission noted several shortcomings in the GDPR, particularly concerning data retention periods, the collection of health data via online tests, data security and the methods of placing cookies on users' terminals.<\/p>\n

        \n
      • The CNIL published its 2022 activity report on May 23.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        It lists the highlights of the past year, including increased support for businesses and administrations, public information campaigns and digital education for younger people, the handling of complaints and enforcement action.<\/p>\n

          \n
        • The Council of State has put online the recording of the day of discussions it hosted on February 10, 2023, co-organized with the CNIL and the Alliance IHU France, on the theme "AI and big data, how will they revolutionize research and medical practice of tomorrow".<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          It followed the State Council study "Artificial Intelligence and Public Action" of August 2022.<\/p>\n

            \n
          • In a ruling dated April 23, 2023, the Paris Court of Appeal held that WhatsApp messages should be treated as SMS messages when exchanged under the same conditions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            In the context of a dispute between a company and former employees, it ruled that the employer could access unspecified "personal" messages from a WhatsAPP group on the former employees' work phones.<\/p>\n

             <\/strong><\/p>\n

            \"\"<\/h4>\n

            European institutions and bodies<\/em><\/strong><\/h4>\n
              \n
            • As the GDPR celebrates its 5th anniversary, numerous studies present a mixed assessment of its implementation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              The NGO noyb publishes on this subject an overview of the 800 GDPR cases it has filed over the past five years with data protection authorities (DPAs), of which 86 % are still awaiting a decision.<\/p>\n

              The NGO has identified more than 60 procedural problems that are hindering the application of the GDPR.<\/p>\n

              While the fine imposed on Meta is making headlines, the NGO believes that data protection authorities generally do not apply the GDPR in a timely manner.<\/p>\n

                \n
              • An assessment carried out by the Future of Privacy Forum (FPF) reveals that violations of Article 25 of the GDPR concerning "privacy by design" are those that have resulted in the highest fines.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                The study is based on more than 90 cases and explains that "some data protection authorities apply Article 25 before other GDPR violations occur or even before the intended data processing takes place."<\/p>\n

                  \n
                • The European Data Protection Board (EDPB) has just elected Anu Talus, the Finnish data protection commissioner, as its president.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                  The new president will replace the outgoing president, Andrea Jelinek, and will oversee the committee's work for the next five years.<\/p>\n

                    \n
                  • The EDPB publishes a collection of cases on the right to object and to erasure under Article 17 of the GDPR. It examines a selection of example decisions from its public register.<\/li>\n
                  • The IAB Europe \u201cTransparency and Consent Framework\u201d Steering Group has published version 2.2 of its reference framework.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                    The main changes include removing the legal basis of legitimate interest for personalizing advertising and content, improving the information provided to end users, and requiring providers to provide additional information about their data processing activities.<\/p>\n

                      \n
                    • A group of 30 IT and cybersecurity experts based in Europe have written an open letter to EU leaders.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                      They express their concerns about the serious risks that the European Commission's proposed regulation on child sexual abuse (CSA) poses to the confidentiality and security of all communications, as well as to the overall health of the internet and information ecosystem.<\/p>\n

                       <\/p>\n

                      News from European member countries.<\/em><\/strong><\/h4>\n
                        \n
                      • The German Federal Data Protection Authority (BfDI) has confirmed that reviewing technological developments such as generative AI from a data protection perspective is part of its remit.<\/li>\n
                      • The Danish data protection authority has reprimanded a data controller for sharing personal data with Meta Ireland without first ensuring that the latter complied with the GDPR when transferring data to Meta platforms in the United States.<\/li>\n
                      • In the wake of a high-profile data breach scandal, and following a complaint filed by the NGO noyb, the Maltese Data Protection Authority (DPA) ordered C-Planet to comply with a data access request and disclose the source of the personal data it held. In this case, the data had been exposed as part of a breach concerning the political opinions of 335,000 voters on the island.<\/li>\n
                      • The Dutch Consumers' Union has filed a class-action lawsuit against Google for tracking users' locations, web browsing, and app usage without valid consent. Google is expected to compensate all users who have used its services since March 1, 2012.<\/li>\n
                      • The Belgian Data Protection Authority (APD) has ordered a ban on the transfer of tax data from US citizens residing in Belgium to the United States. According to the APD, the FATCA agreement, which allows for such transfers, is not compliant with the GDPR, and the Belgian tax authority should have conducted an impact assessment.<\/li>\n
                      • The Norwegian Privacy Appeals Board has determined that a car rental platform has a legal basis under Article 6(1)(f) of the GDPR to assess the creditworthiness of a data subject in order to reduce the company's financial risk.<\/li>\n
                      • Following an anonymous complaint against a debt collection agency, the Croatian Data Protection Authority (APD) issued a fine of 2,265,000 euros for lack of security measures, consent, and violation of the obligation to provide information by the data controller.<\/li>\n
                      • Following a complaint, the Austrian Data Protection Authority (APD) issued a decision against the facial recognition company Clearview AI on May 10, 2023. The decision found violations of the GDPR (Articles 5, 6 and 9), ordered the controller to erase the complainant's data, and to appoint a representative in Austria under Article 27 of the Regulation.<\/li>\n
                      • On May 15, the Information Commissioner's Office (ICO) fined TikTok \u00a312,700,000 for a number of breaches of data protection legislation, including the unlawful use of children's personal data.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                         <\/p>\n

                        \"\"<\/h3>\n
                          \n
                        • There is a growing trend towards using AI in a professional context. For example, an American lawyer used ChatGPT to search for legal cases for a court brief, and at least six of the cited legal cases were nonexistent \u2013 a typical case of AI hallucination, in which the chatbot invents information.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                          The judge presiding over the case wrote: \u201cThe Court is faced with an unprecedented situation. A brief filed by the plaintiff's lawyer opposing a motion to dismiss is filled with citations of non-existent cases.\u201d The lawyer apologized and now faces a disciplinary hearing.<\/p>\n

                            \n
                          • On May 16, Sam Altman, CEO of OpenAI, testified before the US Congress.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                            After acknowledging that AI could potentially "go wrong" and stating his desire to work with the government to prevent this from happening, he nuanced his remarks: the ChatGPT developer believes it is important to allow companies and open-source projects to develop certain models "below a significant capacity threshold," without heavy regulation or mechanisms such as licenses or audits.<\/p>\n

                              \n
                            • On May 23, the US Congress released a report entitled "Generative Artificial Intelligence and Data Privacy: A Primer": the report focuses on privacy issues and policy considerations relevant to Congress.<\/li>\n
                            • Also in the area of AI, the Electronic Privacy Information Center (EPIC) published its report entitled "Generating Harms \u2013 Generative AI's Impact & Paths Forward." The document bridges the gap between the fields of privacy and AI from the perspective of potential harms.<\/li>\n
                            • The United States Federal Trade Commission has issued a policy statement on the collection of biometric information that has not gone unnoticed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                              The agency states that it will use its expertise in unfair practices to prosecute harmful processing of biometric information, and is developing a broad interpretation of biometric data, including data such as a facial photograph, even if it is not processed to identify the person concerned.<\/p>\n

                                \n
                              • On May 18, the Washington State Attorney General announced that Google would pay $39.9 million to the state for deceptive geolocation practices.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                Google will also implement a series of reforms to increase the transparency of its geolocation settings.<\/p>\n

                                  \n
                                • The European Commission, in collaboration with ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations), has published a guide on personal data transfers using standard contractual clauses adopted by the two organizations.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                  The guide will be published in two parts: a "Reference Guide" providing a comparison between ASEAN CMCs and EU CSCs, and an "Implementation Guide" outlining best practices from companies that meet the requirements of both sets of contractual clauses.<\/p>\n

                                    \n
                                  • The Ibero-American Network of Data Protection Authorities (\u201cRIPD\u201d) announced on May 8 that it would coordinate an investigation concerning ChatGPT.<\/li>\n
                                  • On April 11, 2023, the Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC) published a draft of administrative measures for generative artificial intelligence services (\u201cdraft AI measures\u201d).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                    This project would be aligned with China's general approach to data regulation, cybersecurity and online content, which places a strong emphasis on maintaining political and social order.<\/p>\n

                                    The CAC also published on May 30 guidelines on the registration of standard contracts for the export of personal data.<\/p>\n

                                      \n
                                    • On May 23, the Pakistani Ministry of Information Technology and Telecommunications finalized a draft law on the protection of personal data.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                      It will come into force no later than two years after the date of its promulgation, according to what the federal government may determine.<\/p>\n

                                        \n
                                      • Brazilian authorities have ordered the blocking of the Telegram app, widely used in Brazil, arguing that it was not cooperating sufficiently in an ongoing investigation into neo-Nazi groups.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                        The court ordered Telegram to pay a penalty of approximately \u20ac200,000 per day for failing to provide this information. The application only partially provided the required details.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                                        Legal Watch No. 59 \u2013 May 2023. Meta fine: \u20ac1.2 billion\u2026 and then what? The fine imposed on May 12 by the Irish data protection authority on Meta, Facebook's parent company, is the highest ever imposed by a data protection authority since the GDPR came into effect, at the time [\u2026]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":13948,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[35],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-13952","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-veille-juridique"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nSanction Meta : 1,2 milliard d\u2019euros \u2026 et apr\u00e8s ? - Viqtor<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Sanction Meta : 1,2 milliard d\u2019euros \u2026 et apr\u00e8s ? - Viqtor\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/viqtor.eu\/en\/sanction-meta-12-milliard-deuros-et-apres\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Sanction Meta : 1,2 milliard d\u2019euros \u2026 et apr\u00e8s ? 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